Chemistry - Module 2 - Metal 1. Metals have been extracted and used for many thousands of years * Outline and examine some uses of different metals through history‚ including contemporary uses‚ as uncombined metals or as alloys. Contemporary Uses of common metals Metal | Uses | Iron and Steel (an alloy with <2% carbon)Good tensile strength‚ cheap‚ rusts (corrodes) | - Railways‚ bridges‚ buildings- motor cars bodies‚ ships and trains- Engine blocks‚ fire hydrants‚ drainage
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Review Chemical Bonding Three types of bonds Ionic bond: 2 oppositely charged atoms (Na and Cl) Polar covalent: Unequally shared electrons (H and O) Non polar covalent: Equally shared electrons (C and C) or similar electronegativity Electronegativity and chemical bonding Electronegativity is a measure of the strength in which an atom can attract electrons. A difference of < 0. 5 is non polar covalent bond A difference of 0.5 – 1.7 is polar covalent bond A difference of > 1.7 is ionic bond Intermolecular
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What You Need To Know for the Chemistry Regents Exam The Test The Chemisty Regents Exam is broken down into three sections: Part A: 35 mulitple choice questions from all units covered over the course of the school year. Part B: Approximately 25 questions‚ with a mix of short answer and multiple choice. Questions focus on the Reference Tables‚ graphing‚ and laboratory experiments. Part C: Approximately 15 short answer questions‚ most broken down into smaller parts. This is often an
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Regents Chemistry Quarter 1 Midterm Review 1. The percent by mass of oxygen in Na2SO4 (formula mass = 142) is closest to 1) 11% 3) 45% 2) 22% 4) 64% 2. Given the unbalanced equation: __Al(s) + __O2(g) → __Al2O3(s) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. balance the equation using smallest whole number coefficients. The percent by mass of aluminum in Al2O3 is approximately 1) 18.9 3) 47.1 2) 35.4 4) 52.9 What is the approximate percent composition by mass of CaBr2 (formula mass = 200)
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together therefore water has high melting and boiling points which is why water is more electronegative as the molecules are more drawn together than the molecules in hydrogen chloride. In the hydrogen chloride molecule the chloride has more electronegativity than hydrogen as a result the electrons are forced to go to the chloride atom instead of the hydrogen atom. The slightly negative end of another hydrogen chloride particle will become attracted to the other end of the particle which has a slight
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Bismuth was discovered in the fifteenth century by a french chemist named Claude Geoffroy the Younger. At first his colleagues thought he was crazy‚ thinking that he had found lead or tin. But Geoffroy had distinguished it as a unique element. The name Bismuth comes from the word Wisuth meaning “white mass”‚ because pure Bismuth is white. When pure bismuth is mixed with lead‚ tin‚iron or cadmium the multi colored Bismuth is created. Bismuth falls under the pnictogen family. This family consists
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Heat of vaporization 97.42 kJ·mol−1 Molar heat capacity 28.230 J·mol−1·K−1 Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 554 617 697 802 946 1153 Atomic properties Oxidation states 1‚ −1 (strongly basic oxide) Electronegativity 0.93 (Pauling scale) Ionization energies (more) 1st: 495.8 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 4562 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 6910.3 kJ·mol−1 Atomic radius 186 pm Covalent radius 166±9 pm Van der Waals radius 227 pm Miscellanea Crystal structure body-centered
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COE CHEMONE Reviewer for CHEMONE Finals Rules for Counting Significant Figures 1. Nonzero integers. Nonzero integers always count as significant figures. 2. Zeros. There are three classes of zeros: a. Leading zeros are zeros that precede all the nonzero digits. These do not count as significant figures. In the number 0.0025‚ the three zeros simply indicate the position of the decimal point. This number has only two significant figures. Note that the number 1.00 _ 102 above is written in exponential
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atom bearing the hydroxyl group (colored blue in the illustration). The functional group of the alcohols is the hydroxyl group‚ –OH. Unlike the alkyl halides‚ this group has two reactive covalent bonds‚ the C–O bond and the O–H bond. The electronegativity of oxygen is substantially greater than that of carbon and hydrogen. Consequently‚ the covalent bonds of this functional group are polarized so that oxygen is electron rich and both carbon and hydrogen are electrophilic‚ as shown in the drawing
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Alkanes The reaction between alkanes and fluorine This reaction is explosive even in the cold and dark‚ and you tend to get carbon and hydrogen fluoride produced. It is of no particular interest. For example: The reaction between alkanes and iodine Iodine doesn’t react with the alkanes to any extent - at least‚ under normal lab conditions. The reactions between alkanes and chlorine or bromine There is no reaction in the dark. In the presence of a flame‚ the reactions are
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