heat of everyday substances. Unique properties of water enable it to carry out functions that no other substances can. In a neutral aqueous solution‚ five molecules of water are bonded together by weak hydrogen bonds. Furthermore‚ due to the electronegativity of oxygen‚ water is a polar molecule. Due to its polarity‚ water is classified as the universal solvent. You will investigate the life-sustaining properties of water throughout this lab. Part One: Polarity Label the diagram of water below.
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CHAPTER 1 EVOLUTION- the process of change that has transformed life on Earth BIOLOGY- scientific study of life EMERGENT PROPERTIES- result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system SYSTEMS BIOLOGY- constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems EUKARYOTIC CELL- has membrane enclosed organelles‚ the largest of which is usually the nucleus PROKARYOTIC CELL- simpler and smaller‚ does not contain nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles DNA- (Deoxyribonucleic
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Review for exam II Exam for Wednesday (part A) General descriptions of organic molecules Saturated versus unsaturated molecules How to identify each and what properties each holds Given a molecular formula- draw all isomers possible Soluble or insoluble? Enantiomers‚ diastereomers‚ not isomers‚ cis/trans‚ etc Identify chiral centers Identify the compounds as being an acid‚ base or neither Hydrogen bonding‚ dipole-dipole interactions Rank several compounds by boiling point
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Title: Competing Nucleophiles (Exp 24‚ pp 211-221‚ pp 808-823‚ pp 836-842) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions. Method: 40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in
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AP Biology notes: Chapter 2- The Chemical Context of Life 1. Overview * The bombardier beetle fights the ants that plague it by using chemistry. * The natural systems and environment that organisms live in involves chemistry and physics. * Biology is not the only category of science. There is also chemistry‚ physics‚ and engineering. * Organization of life is separated into a hierarchy of structural levels. 2. Elements and Compounds * Matter- anything that takes up
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noble gases. You can only break these bonds with extremely powerful ionization energies which rarely occur due to it being far too dangerous to be using in everyday life. Other elements can be broken down quite easily; this is because of the electronegativity being relatively low. There can be other reasons for strong bonds (involving the orbitals) but in general there aren’t that many rules to follow. The sub-levels may determine slight changes in the ionization energy; however the same number of
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The early twentieth century led to the discovery of penicillin‚ which revolutionized the use of curative agents to combat many bacterial contagions found around the globe. This was particularly useful in 1943 when the War Production Board outlined a plan to mass-produce a powdered formula of the drug to aid in the WWII American war effort.1 Penicillin’s use on Allied forces in the field reduced the number of amputations and deaths by an estimated 12-15%.2 Despite penicillin’s continued use today
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electrons from one atom to another to form ions (cation and anion). Forms between typical metal and non-metal due to a significant difference in electronegativity (ability of atom to attract electrons; refer to table 1.2). LiF Covalent: forms by sharing electrons between two atoms (polar covalent and non-polar covalent). Forms between non-metals. Electronegativity difference ∆ EN for two elements: ∆ EN > 1.2 Ionic Bond 0.4 < ∆ EN < 1.2 Covalent Polar ∆ EN < 0.4 Covalent Non-polar H2 CH4 Octet
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electrons 3. First and second ionization energies a. definition b. prediction from electronic structure for elements in different groups or rows 4. Electron affinity a. definition b. variations with group and row 5. Electronegativity a. definition b. comparative values for some representative elements and important groups 6. Electron shells and the sizes of atoms Content Outline for Physical Sciences Section of the MCAT © 2013 AAMC. May not be reproduced
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Divya Nagendran Professor Patrick Crawford CHEM 122-04 27 January The Role of Zinc in My Life Chemistry plays a vital role in our daily life. We find chemistry in every object we see or touch. We could find chemistry in the food we eat‚ the air we breathe‚ our acne treatment cream and the list goes on. There is one chemistry element that is important in my daily life and its Zinc or Zn 2+. During my high school year‚ I’ve had problems with hair loss. Each day I would lose 100 to 125 strands
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