distillation (distillation at a reduced pressure)‚ and steam distillation. The objective of the study is to differentiate simple from fractional distillation‚ separate the components of the alcohol beverage used‚ and to calculate the percentage of ethanol in the beverage. Simple and fractional distillation are the methods to be used since it is the most efficient to be used in this experiment. Since the experiment worked only on the two methods‚ the other two methods will not be studied. Methodology
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maltose-binding-protein‚ amylose affinity chromatography was performed. The amylose resin present in 20% ethanol was first diluted by adding 10 mL of 20 mM TrisHCl‚ pH 7.4‚ 0.2 M NaCl‚ 1 mM EDTA and centrifuged at 700 rpm for 5 minutes. After decanting the buffer‚ another 10 mL of TrisHCl‚ pH 7.4‚ 0.2 M NaCl‚ 1 mM EDTA was added to this resin solution and centrifuged at 700 rpm for another 5 minutes to further dilute the ethanol concentration in the resin. After the buffer was decanted again‚ the column was packed
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Purpose- the Purpose of this lab is to synthesize Esters by combining Carboxylic Acid and Alcohols. In this lab we will synthesize and then detect the odour of Esters formed. Materials- Materials that will be used in this lab are as follows:- Ethanol 7. Acetic Acid Eye Protection 11. Test tube rack Procedure- Prepare a hot-water by half filling a 500-mL beaker with water and heating it carefully on a hot plate until it comes to a gentle boil. Number the test in the rack in order
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Galacturonic Acid Analysis (for Pectin Analysis) Defattening of Mango Peel Powder (Tunchaiyaphum et al.‚ 2013) 1. Weigh about 3 g sample and put into thimble of the soxhlet extractor. 2. Pour in 150 mL of absolute ethanol to the flask of the soxhlet extractor. 3. Extract at boiling temperature of ethanol for 4 hours. 4. Remove solid contents from the thimble. Set aside to dry. Acid Hydrolysis of MPP (Rehman et al.‚ 2004) 1. Mix defatted peel powder with water at pH 2.5 adjusted w/ 0.1 N H2SO4 with a substrate
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Results of primary use for gasoline‚ gasoline prices rising to all-time highs and environmental programs are the reason why consumers are complaining about driving their automobiles today. The primary use for gasoline is in automobiles and light trucks. Fuel produced all year round‚ and is delivered from oil refineries through pipelines to a massive distribution chain serving 167‚000 retail stations throughout the United States ("EIA Brochures"‚ 2004). Refineries produce millions of barrels of gas a day;
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Crude drug A crude drug is any naturally occurring‚ unrefined substance derived from organic or inorganic sources such as plant‚ animal‚ bacteria‚ organs or whole organisms intended for use in the diagnosis‚ cure‚ mitigation‚ treatment‚ or prevention of disease in man or other animals. Crude drugs are unrefined medications in their raw or natural forms. Prior to the 1950s‚ every pharmacy student learned about crude drugs in pharmacognosy class. Pharmacognosy is the study of the proper horticulture
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This is the portion of the sugarcane juice which contains sugars other than sucrose (what is normally consumed) and a number of other organic compounds. One of the compounds formed during fermentation of molasses is ethanol. In addition to sugar‚ about 12 million litres of ethanol are produced annually at the two factories in Sevanagala and Pelwatta. Another by-product of the sugarcane industry is bagasse which could be used to generate electricity. In addition‚ animal feeds‚ bagasse based fiber
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Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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(see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan‚ North America‚ and Europe was about 400‚000 tons.[1] In 2004‚ an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.[2] Production Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield
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experiment‚ the synthesis of benzocaine is carried out by the acid-catalyzed esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol.2 Theoretical Yield: 1.25g/MW 137 = .009 moles C2H6O 20mL / MW46 =0.435 moles C9H11O2N .009 X 165.19 = 1.49g Purpose Statement: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize benzocaine by esterification using 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol. Experimental Procedure: There were several parts in the procedure of benzocaine beginning with a round bottom flask
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