PRINCIPLES OF COST CONTROL 1.1 Introduction Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However‚
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------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL SUBJECT: FINANCIAL & COST ACCOUNTING Total Marks: 80 N.B.: 1)Allquestionsarecompulsory 2) All questions carry equal marks. Q1) ABC Ltd. Produces room coolers. The company is considering whether it should continue to manufacture air circulating fans itself or purchase them from outside. Its annual requirement is 25000 units. An outsider vendor is prepared to supply fans for Rs 285 each. In addition‚ ABC Ltd will have to incur costs of Rs 1.50 per unit for freight and Rs 10‚000
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Explain the various elements of the marketing process 3-6 1.2 Evaluate the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for a selected organisation 6 2.1 Show macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decision 7 2.2 Propose segmentation on criteria to be used for products in different markets 7-8 2.3 Choose a targeting strategy for a selected product/service 8-10 2.4 Demonstrate how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations
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5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following page. Complete the table and check your calculations by referring to question 4 at the end of Chapter 23. 1. Graph total fixed cost‚ total variable cost‚ and total cost. Explain how the law of diminishing returns influences the shapes of the variable-cost and total-cost curves Graph AFC‚ AVC‚ ATC‚ and MC. Explain the derivation and shape of each
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of related activities; c. Productive activities‚ such as finished goods transportation‚ storage‚ customer contact‚ order processing‚ etc. d. Sales activities to let customers understand and buying of goods‚ such as advertising‚ promotion‚ marketing agency costs‚ etc; e. Service activities‚ including training‚ repair‚ maintenance‚ components renewal etc‚ aiming at improving the added value of products. Auxiliary activities: a. Procurement activities‚ to refer to the purchase of used in enterprise
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“Investigating the relationship between Market Orientation and Business Performance of SMEs in Pakistan”. Definition of the research: Market orientation a term used by marketers as indicator of the degree to which firm implements its marketing concept (Komppula and Reijonen‚ 2010). A market oriented firm has a greater ability in achieving higher performance compared to non-market oriented firm (Agarwal et al.‚ 2003). The concept of market orientation has received a great deal of consideration
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Reading 1.3 Jackall‚ R. (1988) Theories of decision-making process deliver to managers many essential tools such as risk and cost/benefits analysis‚ etc. which in tern routinizes administration. These tools cannot be used appropriately to manage of incalculable entities. The functional rationality approach is when activities precisely planned and estimated to reach some goal. This method is unlikely to be used by top managers because another important factors are involved such as ego or personal
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Bridgespan Cost Analysis Toolkit Step 4: Allocate indirect costs Template: Identifying cost drivers Cost drivers are measurable factors that allow you to determine the relationship between the indirect cost and each program area. They are program-related units that cause an indirect cost to increase or decrease. Another way to think about it would be factors that can approximate the demand that each of your program places on the particular resource item. The appropriate driver may be different
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