From Charles Hockett (1966)‚ "The Problem of Universals in Language" The Search for Universals Through Comparison with Animal Systems "The design-features listed below are found in every language on which we have reliable information‚ and each seems to be lacking in at least one known animal communicative system. They are not all logically independent‚ and do not necessarily all belong to our defining list for language--a point to be taken up separately..." 1. Mode of communication-vocal-auditory
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Utilitarianism in the Theory of Punishment – Utilitarian ideology states that it is our duty to whatever will increase the amount of happiness in the world. Applying this ideology to the Theory of Punishment may seem counterintuitive. Taken at face value‚ Utilitarianism is incompatible with punishment‚ because by definition punishment makes people unhappy‚ therefore‚ is immoral under the strict tenants of Utilitarianism. However‚ Utilitarians‚ do see the need for punishment. Punishment restores a
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Confucianism and Utilitarianism Comparing and contrasting these two ethical theories was quite difficult at times‚ mainly because they tend to be so contrasting that the two seem completely unalike. Especially when the two share a time difference of a couple millenniums from when they were created. This makes it quite easy to locate differences between the two‚ but for a quality paper that accounts for about only half of what to write. It took some time and extensive research to find what these two
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FEATURES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP Introduction Transformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. A transformational leader focuses on "transforming" others to help each other‚ to look out for each other‚ to be encouraging and harmonious‚ and to look out for the organization as a whole. With this leadership‚ the leader enhances the motivation‚ morale and performance
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Utilitarianism Theory Ethics involve defending‚ systematizing and recommending concepts of wrong and right practice or behavior. Ethical theories are categorized into different aspects as per the roles they assume. Using ethical theories‚ we can assess and question universal truths and function of reason in ethical judgments and moral standards that control evil and right conducts. Utilitarianism theory falls under normative ethics which judges the correct behavior we ought to adopt and the repercussions
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Consumer Movement. Definition of Consumer Movement: According to Philip Kotler and G. Amstrong‚ "Consumerism is an organized movement of citizens and government to impose the rights and powers of buyers in relation to sellers." Features of Consumer Movement The features of consumer movement can be
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brother was at the hindsight of my mind‚ consequences for me‚ my brother‚ and extended and nuclear family were an even more important consideration for me. Act-utilitarianism justifies what is right or wrong by the consequences of a situation; this explains why it is the main principle to use for my scenario. This traditional form of utilitarianism focuses on whether an act is morally permissible or required based on the predicted or actual consequences. Because my actual consequences were very similar
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The basic moral principle of utilitarianism is called the principle of utility or the greatest happiness principle. As John Stuart Mill explained it “actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness‚ wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism. It focuses on the consequences of action. Utilitarian believe that pleasure or happiness is the good to be produced. As Bentham put it “Nature has placed mankind under the governance
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The classical theories of morality are Aristotle’s perspective called Nicomachean Ethics‚ the Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant‚ and the Theory of Utilitarianism morality by John Stuart Mill. These classical theories create the basis of morality and moral argument. Utilitarianism is an ethical theory regarding the greater good. It rationalizes; the actions a person makes in their life and says they should be directed towards achieving the greatest happiness for
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Sarah smith 10/8/2013 Deontology and Utilitarianism There are two types of Deontology the first one is‚ one should act based on duty‚ and the second one is action should be based on the right intention and nothing else. Utilitarianism is when you have to think about the majority of the people no matter what the consequences is. It is based on maximizing happiness for everyone involved. I would favor Deontology because I think you should do your duty and only do what is right. If you have the
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