Product Breakdown Structure Toolkit 1. Overview If your are familiar with PRINCE2 pre-20091‚ you’ll know that it recommended the use of a number of techniques‚ one of which is Product Based Planning. A Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) is an essential part of this‚ its purpose being to define the products (deliverables) of a project and how they relate to each other. Product Based Planning has four components: • Product Description: a description of the overall project deliverables. In
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Introduction Phase The introduction phase is when the public first sees or hears about a product. The product appears in stores for the first time‚ and people start seeing print and television ads. During this phase‚ a company may choose one of two pricing strategies. They may set prices high to recoup initial expenses that went into producing the product. For example‚ a cellphone manufacturer with new technology may introduce cellphones 10 percent to 20 percent above the prices of most premium
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Product and Service Costs Output represents one of the most important cost objects. There are two types of output: products and services. Products are goods produced by converting raw materials through the use of labor and indirect manufacturing resources‚ such as the manufacturing plant‚ land‚ and machinery. Televisions‚ hamburgers‚ automobiles‚ computers‚ clothes‚ and furniture are examples of products. Services are tasks or activities performed for a customer or an activity performed by a customer
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f The product life cycle (PLC) includes the stages the product goes through after development‚ from introduction to the end of the product. Just as children go through different phases in life (toddler‚ elementary school‚ adolescent‚ young adult‚ and so on)‚ products and services also age and go through different stages. The PLC is a beneficial tool that helps marketers manage the stages of a product’s acceptance and success in the marketplace‚ beginning with the product’s introduction‚ its
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Developing Products and Managing Product Portfolios Chapter 12 What We Already Know About Products • How to define a product • How to classify a product – Consumer v business products – Different types of consumer products • The product life cycle • There are different levels of product: – Core benefits – Branding‚ design‚ quality – Support aspects: guarantees‚ after-sales service What Is Managing Products About? • Ensuring we have the right product mix to maximise
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Brand Positioning Submitted by: Rishi Dewan PGDM-Marketing (DCP) IMT Ghaziabad Contents Introduction 2 Process of Positioning 3 Strategies of Positioning 5 Positioning by Product attributes 5 Positioning by Quality 5 Positioning by Price 6 Positioning by User Category 7 Positioning by Use 8 Positioning by Competitor 9 Positioning by Celebration 10 Positioning Errors: 11 1. Under-positioning 11 2. Over Positioning 11 3. Confused positioning 12 4
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suitable examples‚ three reasons why international marketing is more challenging than domestic marketing. [10 Marks] Ans: Following are the three reasons why International Marketing is more challenging than domestic marketing: 1. Inflation and Price Moderation: Imports can also be highly beneficial to a country because they constitute reserve capacity for local economy. Without imports‚ there is no incentive for domestic firms to moderate their prices. The lack of imported product alternatives
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Product costing systems in modern manufacturing organisations Product costing refers to the process of assigning shared direct and indirect costs to individual products‚ customers‚ branches or other cost items. (USAID‚ 2007) Product costing is also referred to as assigning costs to inventory and production based on the expenses that go into producing or buying inventory. It is an important process for manufacturers that helps improves management information on products and helps managers and the
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point‚ there is a downturn in the market. For example‚ more innovative products are introduced or consumer tastes have changed. There is intense price cutting‚ and many more products are withdrawn from the market. Profits can be improved by reducing marketing spending and cost cutting. As sales decline‚ the firm has several options: * Maintain the product‚ possibly rejuvenating it by adding new features and finding new uses. * Harvest the product–reduce costs and continue to offer it‚ possibly
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Marketing a new product is challenging. Marketer have to target the right customers with the right product and message at the right time. Much of the failure in new product launches lies in the strategy planning. Strategy is the foundation for new product management and integrates all people and resource in organization. Failure plans may decrease that product’s effectiveness in doing so. New product strategy input components is important. Product failure when marketer fail to describes the market
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