Communicative Approach (1) Michael Swan This (the first of two articles) examines some of the more theoretical ideas underlying the ‘Communicative Approach‘. These include the belief that we should teach ‘use’ as well as ‘meaning; and some attitudes regarding the teaching of ‘skills’ and ‘strategies’. A second article will deal with more pedagogical aspects of the approach‚ especially the idea of a ‘semantic syllabus’ and the question of ‘authenticity’ in materials and methodology. In both articles
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investigates Soft Systems Methodology‚ which is a way of dealing with problem situations in which there is a high social‚ political and human activity component. SSM varies from other methodologies as it does not deal with the HARD problems that are more technically oriented but instead it deals with SOFT problems as will be discussed in detail later on in this report. SOFT SYSTEM METHODOLOGY: Soft System Methodology is the brainwave of Professor Peter Checkland. The methodology was devised as a result
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each approach • Describe how the research process relates to each approach © 2008 Kimberly Galt Outline for each approach • Definition of the approach • Overview of the overarching problem or needs that the approach is intended to address • Context of research methodology – why it is chosen • Literature or other contextual information • Types of research questions suited to the approach © 2008 Kimberly Galt Outline for each approach • Common study designs used with the approach • Usual
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Introduction Legal researchers have always struggled to explain the nature of their activities to colleagues in other disciplines. If Becher’s (1981‚ p. 111) work continues to represent an accurate account of how academic lawyers are viewed by their peers they have much work still to do in this respect. He found that they were regarded as ‘not really academic … arcane‚ distant and alien: an appendage to the academic world … vociferous‚ untrustworthy‚ immoral‚ narrow and arrogant’. Their research
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Discuss psychodynamic explanations of gender development. (10 marks) The psychodynamic approach assumes that development of gender identity is linked to interpersonal relationships between child and parent. Psychologists believe the parent-child relationship forms the mould/prototype which stays with the child their whole life. The approach focuses on the presence of the unconscious mind. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is linked to ideas surrounding infantile sexuality. Children pass through stages
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Outline and evaluate the behaviourist approach to abnormality The behaviourist model explains abnormality as learnt behaviour. The behaviourists explain this learning as being a result of our environment. It has two ways to explain how abnormality can be learnt. It also argues that people do not have free will and that the environment determines their behaviour by making them behave in certain ways Classical conditioning is about an association made between a stimulus and response. In a
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and solve problems in their line of work. This paper will look at the contrasts between the two approaches‚ some of their principles and the best approach that can be used in the situation in question. Some of the contrasting issues about the approaches include the following. In pedagogy the leaner fully depend on the teacher and the teacher evaluates the learner and at most times dictates what the learner should
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3 Evaluate two strengths and two weaknesses of the behaviourist approach One strength of the behaviourist approach is that it is scientific in its nature. This is because this approach is very scientific with everything proven and supported by lab experiments. Behaviourist believe that through the use of scientific methods‚ we can analyse and compare behaviour. Control over variables can see cause and effect. Behaviour should be studied objectively and variables should be operationalized (breaking
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this has been established‚ I will then look at how the changes occur in the therapeutic relationship and which techniques will be used. I will compare and contrast the approaches of Carl Rogers‚ Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis. I will look at how their theories have impacted on the counselling processes in modern times and throughout history. In the humanistic approach in counselling there is a vital importance that the core conditions between client and counselling are present from the outset
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Application of a Case Study Methodology by Winston Tellis+ The Qualitative Report‚ Volume 3‚ Number 3‚ September‚ 1997 (http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-3/tellis2.html) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract In the preceding article (Tellis‚ 1997)‚ the goals and objectives were presented and explained in detail. In this article‚ the methodology to accomplish those goals and objectives will be examined. The reader will become familiar
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