CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION It is known that‚ movement of information and effectiveness of information‚ timely reporting for internal and external use is one of the key aspects in success of services and goods provided by the organisation to its customer. Before the development of computerised system in Tanzania most of public sectors‚ government sectors ‚social service providers sectors and different business organisations‚ used manual method of recording and control over any transaction
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$21‚000 – Period costs Labor costs of assembly-line workers $110‚000 – Direct labor Sales commissions $35‚000 – Period costs Factory supplies used $13‚000 – Direct materials Salaries paid to sales clerks $50‚000 – Period costs (b) Explain the basic difference in accounting for product costs and period costs. Product costs are manufacturing costs‚ direct components‚ direct labor and manufacturing overhead‚ do not become expenditures until the company sells inventory. Period costs are non-manufacturing
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*Functions of Accounting Work ( Recording / Classifying / Summarizing *Accounting- “art of recording‚ classifying & summarizing in a significant matter and in terms of money; transactions and events w/c are in part at least of a financial character and interpreting the results thereof.” ( How? (AICPA – American Institute of CPA) *Science- existing body of knowledge that governs accounting practice (Accounting Theory) *Art- creative skill & ability *4 Functions of Accounting 1. Recording-
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building. ▪ Perpetual vs. Periodic- info about methods and differences o Perpetual: An inventory system in which the business keeps a continuous record of inventory on hand and the cost of good sold. o Continuous updating of inventory as you go thru the paid physical count still must be count once a year. o Periodic: do not update inventory act as you go‚ you calculate cost and good so that entry act paid. o Beg inventory + Purchase = Good available for sale
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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Management accounting provides necessary information to assist management in decision making and management control. The chartered institute of management accountants (2001) describe Management accounting as :-the application of professional information in such a way as to assist the management in the formation of policies and in the planning and control of the operations of the organization. Management accounting has been considered as an integral part of the management knowledge in accounting and finance
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Financial accounting information stakeholders duped It is a sine quo non for business leaders to use‚ rather than just produce financial information. I am in absolute agreement with this phenomenon in that the information generated by the international professional accounting community highly affects various stakeholders in the decision making process to govern businesses. Therefore any material elements within the financial information that boarder on misguidance will lead to corporate financial
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MODULE 1 Management Accounting Module 1 Management Accounting Objectives Aim To provide an understanding of the nature of management accounting and its role in the process of managing and controlling the enterprise. Key Concepts ▪ Management accounting ▪ Management control ▪ Decision making Learning Outcomes By the end of this section you should be able to understand: ▪ The purpose of management accounting ▪ The concepts and processes of control. The
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Management Accounting Managerial accounting is the process of identifying‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting‚ and communicating information in pursuit of an organization’s goals. Managerial accounting is an integral part of the management process‚ and managerial accountants are important strategic partners in an organization’s management team. The relation between accounting and management has been commonly expressed by the phrase‚ “Accounting is a tool of management”. Accounting practice has
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2) 1) D 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) A 3) b) The types of risk indicated by this situation are systems risk‚ and legal and regulatory risks. c) I would recommend background checks on employees‚ segregation of duties‚ and physical security. 6) A. Conducting surprise cash counts- safeguarding assets B. Creating a policy manual-encouraging compliance C. Creating separate departments for purchasing inventory a d receiving inventory-promoting operational efficiency D. Deleting and employee’s
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