Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal∗ This paper examines the relative importance of many factors in the capital structure decisions of publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2003. The most reliable factors for explaining market leverage are: median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book assets ratio (−)‚ tangibility (+)‚ profits (−)‚ log of assets (+)‚ and expected inflation (+). In addition‚ we find
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and disregard to his work diminished how high quality all of them are. Most writers of his era bash his works because of the strange‚ horrific‚ and grotesque ideas that are within the text. Other writers just believed him to be a drunk and drug addict with outlandish ideas. Close to two hundred years ago‚ the literature that Edgar Allan Poe created is still used and consistently analyzed to this day. Many of his life experiences and his thought process influenced how his works came to be. In The Collected
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influenced by three factors: past experience/ familiarity; convenience of location/travel; and friends and family. With friendly staff‚ high quality of coffee and food‚ good atmosphere and good reputation the most important aspects for branded coffee shops. Recent exposure of tax avoidance from companies such as Starbucks have had negative influence on consumer choice of branded coffee shops. Keywords: Coffee shops‚ Local brands‚ International brands‚ Motivations‚ Social influences‚ Branding‚ Tax avoidance
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how factors can influence the development of individual’s self concept. I am going to outline how factors can influence the development of individual’s self-concept‚ firstly‚ I will to define what is self-concept. Self-concept self concept is about the way we view ourselves. There are two sides of our self concept and these include: our self-esteem‚ which is how we feel about out selves that is the the worth and value that you as a person attribute to yourself‚ and self-image‚ which is how
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ATTITUDES TO FOOD AND EATING BRHAVOUR One factor that influences attitudes to eating behaviour is mood. People binge eat and comfort eat when in a low mood. For example people with bulimia tend to experience anxiety prior to a binge eating episode this same relationship can also be found in non-clinical populations. This suggests that there is a relationship between binge eating and low mood in general as people with and without bulimia binge eat when in a low mood state.
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practical application of methods and skills‚ as well as by the needs and requirements of the family and child. Social workers work are not only guided by their professional practice‚ but are also influenced by government policies‚ guidance and legislation that create an institutional context to social work practice. This essay will discuss how models of intervention influence social work practice concentrating on the
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When individuals normally hear the word zeal‚ an image of a devout religious follower kneeling in a sacred place of worship might come to their minds. However‚ the individuals might neglect that zeal pertains to more than religious fervor; zeal describes the commitment towards learning a new skill‚ helping others‚ altering society’s view about a subject‚ and many other perspectives. Zealous individuals do not obsess over their work because they remain aware of their environment and keep the needs
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Identify the different substances which individuals might use‚ how they are used and their likely effects. Abused substances produce some form of intoxication that alters judgment‚ attention‚ perception‚ or physical control. Psychoactive drugs can be categorised into three broad groups: 1 Stimulants: Amphetamines‚ Cocaine‚ Crack‚ Ecstasy‚ Anabolic steroids 2 Depressants: Cannabis‚ Alcohol‚ Benzodiazepines GHB etc. 3 Hallucinogens: LSD‚ Magic Mushrooms (Psilocybin)‚ Skunk. Drugs also have street
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bell‚ then giving a light shock to dogs. After multiple times of doing this‚ the dogs reacted as if they have been shocked simply from hearing the sound of the bell. Then Seligman proceeded to put the dogs into large‚ individual crates. Each crate had a low divider through which the dogs were able to see and jump over to the other side. The dogs were put on the electric side of the fence; he then gave the dogs a light shock. Interestingly‚ the dogs laid there helpless‚ and didn’t even attempt to
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Theme: Higher Education in Public Sector in Malaysia. Topic: Factors which discourage Students from Involving in Entrepreneurship Specific Purpose: I would like to inform my audience the reasons why students become discouraged from participating in entrepreneurship. Central Ideas: Students tend to refrain themselves from involving in entrepreneurship due to lack of self-confidence‚ lack of funding‚ and low level of awareness. INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter: Questions to the audience
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