Art After Philosophy (1969) Joseph Kosuth The fact that it has recently become fashionable for physicists themselves to be sympathetic toward religion . . . marks the physicists’ own lack of confidence in the validity of their hypotheses‚ which is a reaction on their part from the antireligious dogmatism of nineteenth-century scientists‚ and a natural outcome of the crisis through which physics has just passed. –A. J. Ayer. . . . once one has understood the Tractatus there will be no temptation
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Philosopher John Mill created an ethical theory known as the Harm Principle‚ which helps to define the moral boundaries a governing authority has a right to impose over its people. Believing primarily in negative right‚ Mill’s Harm Principle states that “The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community‚ against his will‚ is to prevent harm to others. His own good‚ either physical or moral‚ is not a sufficient warrant” concluding that an authority
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71203 Business Ethics Assignment 1 Drawing on ethical theory to critique a claim. Businesses putting something back into the local community... ...Morally obligatory - or not? Utilitarian and Kantian Moral Theory Viewpoints Tanya Lundie 9118692 27 March 2009 Rainbow (2002) describes ethical theories as being “...the foundations of ethical analysis...” because they are viewpoints from which guidance can be obtained in the interests of determining “...what counts as acting ethically...” (The
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on being able to analyze where possible ways of addressing this critique may exist‚ and‚ drawing from the secondary literature‚ discuss ways that approaches to this critique may be useful in addressing the emptiness critique comprehensively. The formalist interpretation holds that moral law is a formal acknowledgement that is able to guide moral action. For example‚ Silber sees the formulation of universal law in accordance with nature and in harmony with Kant’s purpose as of providing the content
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behave. The problems arise when the time comes to punish a criminal. There are disagreements over the severity of a crime‚ the mentality of the criminal‚ and the correct penalty that should result from that crime among other things. Kant and the Utilitarian perspective on crime and punishment do not coincide. Both philosophical viewpoints seem convincing in their own right‚ but not without flaws. One is simply the better way to reason through the issue at hand as it relates to society as a whole.
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interpret literature. Rather‚ they focused on the literary work as an autotelic (self-contained) object. The New Critic explores and assesses the meaning of literature through an analysis of its internal form. From the 1940’s through the 1960’s formalist principles defined the mainstream standards of good criticism. While many of the assumptions underlying New Criticism have been rejected by newer critical theories‚ the close reading of the text espoused by formalism remains a common mode of discourse
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of cases where the consequence that is against the best interest of an animal is favorable to humans‚ yet that dictating action is one that has been continually taken and condoned by the general public. This is a fundamental challenge‚ as the Utilitarian philosophy decrees that the pleasure and pain experienced by all individuals‚ including animals‚ has equal worth and must be considered when determining the net benefit of an action’s consequences. The most drastic and prevalent of examples that
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students. The hypothetical scenario he paints in the story is to introduce moral reasoning. The students then participate in a critical thinking discussion to conclude what would be morality correct‚ whether to kill the one person so that five should live or vise versa. His story quickly unfolds to introduce two moral principles‚ one being consequentialist moral reasoning and the second is categorical moral reasoning. In the second part of his first lecture‚ Dr. Sandel discusses a very popular nineteenth
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people should not interfere with this by robbing life before its come to it’s natural end. If the son were an Act Utilitarian‚ he would be free to consider happiness in his decision and decide if euthanasia caused the most happiness and least unhappiness. An Act Utilitarian could reason his mother’s suffering would end and the family would be relieved she is free from pain. A Rule Utilitarian would consider if euthanasia adheres to a rule on the subject‚ which is made for the most happiness and least
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utilitarianism as an ethical theory is that it describes what rational people actually do in making moral decisions. It explicitly formulates for them the procedures they intuitively and spontaneously use in moral reasoning. The theory renders explicit what is implicit in the ordinary moral reasoning and argumentation that we ourselves use Utilitarianism adopts a teleological approach to ethics and claims that actions are to be judged by their consequences. According to this view‚ actions are not good
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