Summary 1 Introduction 2 Theories of Accounting 2 Public Interest Theory 2 Private Interest Theory 2 Regulatory Capture Theory 3 Is accounting Needed (GPFR)? 3 What does the financial department (accounts) do? 3 Why public disclosure became so serious? 4 Principal Agent Outlook 4 Agency Cost- Critical Reason for accounting frauds 6 Three Essential Accounting Areas 7 Capital Budgeting 7 Investments 9 Capital Structure 11 Trade off theory 12 Conclusion 13 References:
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Development of A General Accounting Theory – A Scientific Approach? Accounting Theory Development can be defined as ‘a piecemeal process of trial and error in response to changing social and economic forces’. (Underdown and Taylor‚ 1985‚ p2). Therefore‚ it is clear that a general frame of reference is needed‚ however not one that would upset the ‘accounting system’. Accounting theory cannot be narrowed to a certain approach‚ which is the definitive article. In fact‚ accountancy is one
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Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting standards that can be used to bring about one set financial reporting in the world basis. The necessary of international accounting standards arises from the increasing globalization of business and the growth of capital markets in the world. Therefore‚ there is a large demand for accounting information which can be comparable across companies in different countries. The IFRS is issued by the International Accounting Board Committee and is constantly
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What is Positive Accounting Theory? Positive Accounting Theory is the branch of academic research in accounting that tries to make good predictions of real world events and translate them to accounting transactions. This contrasts with normative accounting theory‚ which that tries to recommend what should be done. Positive Theories try to explain and predicts actions such as which accounting policies firms will choose and how firms will react to newly proposed accounting standards. Positive
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POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY‚ POLITICAL COSTS AND SOCIAL DISCLOSURE ANALYSES: A CRITICAL LOOK* Markus J. Milne Accountancy and Business Law University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand Ph: 64-3-479-8120 Fax: 64-3-479-8450 Email: mmilne@commerce.otago.ac.nz * The author would like to thank Alan MacGregor‚ Carolyn Stringer‚ Gregory Liyanararchchi‚ Ros Whiting and an anonymous conference reviewer for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Thanks are also due to seminar participants
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Accounting Standards Board University of Phoenix Accounting Theory and Research Jun 13‚ 2009 Accounting Standards Board To address the increasing challenges of legislating those governs our society today‚ “countries all over the world have begun to outsource rulemaking to bodies consisting of people familiar with the subject. For that reason‚ policymakers rely on private entities to establish financial accounting and reporting standards” (Donald Kieso‚ 2003‚ Intermediate Accounting). The
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approaches to accounting theory‚ 1. Deductive recur sing or “approach going from the general to the specific.” 2. Inductive approach ‘Going from the specific to the general.’ 3. The ethical approach of accounting theory places emphasis on the concept of justice‚ truth & fairness. This is particularly true of the ethical approach‚ for defining it of the separate approach does not necessarily imply that other approaches do not have ethical content‚ not does it imply that ethical theories necessarily
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Module 1: Accounting under ideal conditions Ideal conditions; certainty and uncertainty (including differences & similarities)‚ dividend irrelevancy‚ arbitrage‚ accretion of discount‚ abnormal earnings RRA - SFAS69; weaknesses of RRA (relevant but not as reliable) Historical Accounting Revisited mixed measurement model‚ (relatively reliable but lacks relevance)‚ revenue recognition‚ recognition lag Relevance VS Reliability -> tradeoffs (Without ideal conditions‚ complete relevance &
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general theory -Permissiveness of accounting practice -Inconsistency of practices Needs -2 or more methods of accounting are accepted for the same facts -Reserves are used to artificially smooth earnings fluctuations -Deferrals are followed by ‘big bath’ write offs A set of inter related concepts which will define the nature‚ subject‚ purpose and broad content of financial reporting. { Asset- future economic benefit controlled by the entity‚ past transaction‚ other past events‚ expected
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HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING LEARNING OUTCOMES Understand the history of accounting dating from prehistoric times to written record keeping. Identify the seven preconditions for the emergence of systematic book keeping. Know Luca Pacioll contributions in introducing double entry book keeping. Accounting is a tool‚ invented by humankind‚ to fulfill needs of society. Unlike the explorers of the past who discovered new lands‚ accounting cannot in any true sense be said to have been discovered
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