Karl Fischer Titration Objective: To detrmine and analyze the moisture content of a given sample using Karl Fischer volumetric titration technique. Theory: Karl Fischer volumetric titration is used to detect analytically the moisture content present in samples. The iodine present in the Karl fischer reagent reacts stoichoimetrically with the amount of water present in the solution. For example water reacts with iodine in 1:1 mole ratio in the reaction: I2 + SO2 + H2O + 3Base + CH3OH → 2Base HI
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We began our research by treating chalcone 1a (??) with acetylacetone 2a (??) in the presence of morpholine as the base (??) in CH3CN at 80 ºC for 12 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC until the disappearance of the starting material and the formation of 1-(5-benzoyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-2‚3-dihydrofuran-3-yl)ethanone 3a. this reaction mixture‚ containing the 2‚3-dihydrofuran 3a generated in situ‚ was treated with sulfur element (??) in the presence of base of morpholine (??) at 80°C and the desired
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Percent yield was found by weighing the watch glass with the filter paper and subtracting the total from the original weight. The TLC test was conducted by placing sample products on a TLC plate. Next‚ the plate was put in solvent mixture of 80% heptane and 20% ethyl acetate. The solvent mixture was allow to rise ⅔ the height of the plate and then placed under UV light to observe the distance the samples traveled
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Experiment 12: Isopentyl Acetate 19 October 2012 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to prepare isopentyl acetate by direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. After refluxing there is an isolation procedure where excess acetic acid and remaining isopentyl alcohol are easily removed by extraction with sodium bicarbonate and water. The ester is then purified by simple distillation and the IR is then obtained. Techniques and equipment used throughout the experiment
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Similarly‚ ethyl acetate (CH3CO-OCH2CH3) is made up of acetic acid (CH3CO-OH) in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by an ethoxy group (-OCH2CH3) Although esters can be produced by many mechanisms‚ the most commonly used method is called esterification‚ which is a condensation reaction between an alcohol and an acid‚ typically in the presence of a strong acid catalyst‚ such as sulfuric acid. For example‚ ethyl acetate can be produced by reacting ethanol (ethyl alcohol) with acetic acid and
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TRANSITIONS Transitions serve as a bridge between ideas. They provide connections between words‚ sentences‚ and paragraphs. There are many examples of transitions in your textbook. Also‚ notice how professional writers use them to improve their style and to add emphasis. Below are a few examples of transitions (some of these words/phrases could be placed in more than one category). Add to these lists as you think of other transitions. To give examples for example‚ for instance‚ to illustrate‚ in
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(increase‚ decrease‚ not change.) Part II. Using the 9.0 CD‚ complete the lab and answer the following questions: Chart I Respiratory Volumes and Capacities Radius (mm) Flow (mL/min) TV (mL) ERV (mL) IRV (mL) RV (mL) VC (mL) FEV (mL) TLC (mL) 1. Activity 1 Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacities Activity Questions: 1. When you forcefully exhale your entire expiratory reserve volume‚ any air remaining in your
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have been a repetitive feature in other reports that followed in regards to human research; informed consent‚ benefits must always outweigh any risks that would be involved‚ and no unnecessary suffering on the part of the participant should occur (Fischer‚ 2005). Each of these principles have ideals that have been found in studies and reports following the trials in Nuremberg‚ and each have important ethical implications for research studies involving the use of human subjects. The first and most
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(2008). Exercise Training for POTS. Clinical Cardiology Alert. Information from CINAHL Systems. Fischer‚ P. (2009). Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). Retrieved from http://podcasts.mayoclinic.org/2008/04/23/postural-orthostatic-tachycardia-syndrome-pots/ Fu‚ Q.‚ VanGundy‚ T.B.‚ Galbreath M.M.‚ Shibata‚ S.‚ Jain‚ M.‚ Hastings‚ J
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4.00 mm‚ the airflow changed to _______ L/minute and the FEV1 changed to ________ ml. | 3.075L/1422ml | 1. If the TV of a person’s lungs is 600ml‚ the ERV is 1200ml‚ the RV is 1200ml‚ and the IRV is 3000 ml‚ the total lung capacity (TLC) is _______ ml. | TLC= 6000ml | 1. What would be an example of an everyday respiratory event the ERV simulates? | Coughing | 1. What additional skeletal muscles are utilized in an ERV activity? | In forced expiration‚ abdominal-wall muscles and the internal
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