diet that didn’t involve unclean animals. They believed most illnesses were caused from an angry god or evil spirit. Paper was made from the papyrus plant and was used for important documents and religious texts. The Leyden Papyrus X is a papyrus codex that was written in Greek during 250 A.D. It contains alchemical texts that give instructions on how to make dyes and alloys that can be made to look like gold and it also mentions Moses as an alchemist . The Leyden Papyrus X contains 10
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with tables‚ and the surface of every one of them was covered in books” There were dozens of hand-copied books‚ one manuscript‚ for example‚ was one thousand years old. Her father got to have those books and manuscripts because he worked for the Florentine historian and scholar: Poggio Bracciolini who also worked for Cosimo de Medici. Cosimo wanted his people to know the ancient Greek and Roman writers and documents that were destroyed with the great library in Alexandria (Egypt. Many of these were
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Giovanni Boccaccio The Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio is best known for the Decameron. For his Latin works and his role in reviving Hellenistic learning in Florence‚ he may be considered one of the early humanists. The culture of Giovanni Boccaccio is rooted in the Middle Ages‚ but his conception of life points forward to the Renaissance. Boccaccio ’s work reflects both his middleclass mercantile background and the chivalric ideals of the Neapolitan court‚ where he spent his youth. He strove
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when their army crushed the Florentines at the Battle of Montaperti. In the 13th century Siena became an important banking center‚ but still it was unable to compete with its rival Florence. The popes imposed economic sanctions agains Siena’s merchants. The Ghibelline cause declined and not much later Siena itself turned Guelf. But Siena could still compete with Florence on an artistic level. The Sienese school was the only school that could compete with the Florentine school. Duccio is the greatest
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mercenary soldier leaders (warlords) of the professional‚ military free companies contracted by the Italian city-states and the Papacy from the late middle ages and throughout the Renaissance. 5. Republic of Florence - The Republic of Florence‚ or the Florentine Republic‚ was a city-state that was centered on the city of Florence‚ located in modern Tuscany‚ Italy 6. Medici Family - political dynasty‚ banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de’ Medici in the
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Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born on the fifteenth of April‚ 1452‚ near the town of Vinci‚ not far from Florence. He was the son of a Florentine notary‚ Piero da Vinci‚ and a young woman named Caterina. Leonardo spent most of his life in Florence and Milan. In 1469 he was apprenticed to Andrea Verrocchio‚ a leading Renaissance master. Leonardo acquired a variety of skills while he remained at the workshop until 1476. He left Florence for Milan in about 1482 to work for Duke Lodovico
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Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi was born in Florence‚ Italy around 1386. He was born to Nicolo di Betto Bardi‚ a member of the Florentine Woolcombers Guild. His friends and family adopted the shortened moniker‚ Donatello‚ when he was only a child. This is what we know him as today. Donatello’s first educational environment was at the home of the Martellis‚ a wealthy Florentine family of bankers and patrons closely linked to the Medici family. In the shop of a goldsmith within the Martellis family‚ Donatello
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widest dome made. The usual way to build an arch or dome was to support it with scaffolding called "centring". This was not as easy in this case because there was an opening in the cathedral that was 42m in width. This created a problem because the Florentines wanted a very tall and impressive dome. The dimensions of the octagonal dome were a significant problem. Some people suggested that they should build piers from the ground that had arches on them so that they could prop the weight of the dome up
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trustworthy towards the other characters. This makes it easy for him to manipulate his comrades and make them believe that anything he says to them is the truth. Shakespeare shows us this in Act 3: Scene 1: Line 39 when Cassio says: “I never knew a Florentine
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lives. The father’s authority over his children was absolute until he died or formally freed them by going before a judge and emancipating them. In addition‚ women were expected to remain at home‚ and their primary function was to bear children. Florentine
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