Describe the fluid-mosaic model of a plasma membrane. Discuss the role of the membrane in the movement of materials through it by each of the following processes: a. Active transport b. Passive transport The plasma membrane is a semi permeable barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. The plasma membrane is made up of carbohydrates‚ cholesterol‚ proteins‚ and a lipid bilayer‚ or double layer of lipids. The plasma membrane may be known as a fluid mosaic model
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bicarbonate deficiency (metabolic acidosis). Sodium is generally retained‚ but may appear normal‚ or hyponatremic‚ because of dilution from fluid retention.” (Chambers‚ 1987‚ p. 815). “Because the kidneys are primarily responsible for the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance‚ acute or chronic changes in renal function can result in multiple imbalances. Acutely‚ the rapidity of onset of renal deterioration makes nursing assessment and intervention critical to the prevention of complications
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extracellular fluid becomes increasing more concentrated and water tends to leave cell by osmosis. Dehydration may also accompany illness in which prolonged vomiting or diarrhea depletes body fluids. During dehydration‚ the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth feel dry‚ and body weight drops. Severe dehydration may develop as the temperature regulating mechanism falters due to lack of water for sweat. In severe dehydration‚ as waste products accumulate in the extracellular fluids‚ symptoms of
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blood which leads to altered fluid‚ electrolyte‚ and acid-base balance The cause may be a primary kidney disorder or secondary to a systemic disease May be acute or chronic Acute Abrupt onset and with prompt intervention is often reversible Chronic Develops slowly‚ is the end stage‚ and is not reversible Azotemia Nitrogen (protein) waste in the blood Acute Renal Failure A rapid decline in renal function with azotemia and fluid and electrolyte imbalances The most common cause is ischemia
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Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids 1. a. Where are fluids absorbed? ____________________ b. Where are excess fluids and electrolytes lost?____________________ 2. Name four of the six functions of water. a. b. c. d. 3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of ________________. b. From the CD‚ list the person with the highest and lowest percentage of water and give the percentage. 1. Highest ___________________ _______% 2. Lowest
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NCM-103 (CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN OXYGENATION‚ FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE‚ NUTRITION AND METABOLISM AND ENDOCRINE) Submitted to : Mr. Darren N. Constantino Submitted by : Olive Keithy Ascaño CASE STUDY 1 1. a. The possible fluid and electrolyte imbalances that the 78-year-old woman may experience are hyponatremia‚ hypokalemia and hyperkalemia because of nausea and vomiting that are common in these imbalances. b. The following interventions are appropriate to decrease
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* Day 6 – 7 /ABC * ABC Principles of Management : Multi Organ Failure /MODS * PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT : ABC / Multi Organ Failure (MODS) * Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the progressive dysfunction of more than one organ in patients that are critically ill or injured. * It is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs). * The initial insult that stimulates MODS may result from a variety of causes including‚ but not limited to‚ extensive
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Ch 14‚ 15‚ 18 1. Fluid surrounding the cells is called ______________ fluid. 2. The largest portion of a person’s body weight is contributed by: a. water b. fat c. bone d. muscle 3. Which of the following electrolytes are anions? (select all that apply) a. sodium b. calcium c. chloride d. bicarbonate 4. The movement of water across a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution
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‘Enteral nutrition (EN) refers to nutrients given via the gastrointestinal tract’ (GIT) (Crisp and Taylor 2009 pp.1154). EN is considered when an individual is not safe for oral intake or when oral intake is not adequate to meet nutrient requirements‚ for example when a patient is unable to swallow. Enteral feeding tubes may enter the body at a number of different sites‚ the choice of enteral feeding route depends on several factors such as the intended duration of the nutrition support‚ the patients
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References: Rhoda‚ M‚ K.‚ Porter‚ J‚ M.‚ & Quintini‚ C. (2011). Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Putting a Plan in Motion. JPEN. Sage Publications Nazario‚ R Mooney‚ M. (2007). Fluid Balance. Retrieved from: http://www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/fluid-balance/199391.article Sarafino‚ P‚ E. (2008). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial Interactions. England‚ United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Webb
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