1.0 Introduction Water turbines are widely used throughout the world to generate power. By allowing fluid under pressure to strike the vanes of a turbine wheel‚ mechanical work can be produced. Rotational motion is then produced by the force generated as the jet strikes the vanes. One way of producing mechanical work from fluid under pressure is to use the pressure to accelerate the fluid to a high velocity in a jet. The jet is directed on to the vanes of a turbine wheel‚ which is rotated by
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pressure drop in a pipe due to surface roughness. This is to be done using a range of flow rates that are laminar‚ turbulent and in the critical zone. Theory The Reynolds number represents the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid flow. This number is calculated using the diameter (D measured in metres) as the length parameter‚ with the viscosity of the liquid (µ in kgm.s)‚ the density (ρ in kgm3) and the flow rate (U in ms): Re = ρUDμ If the Reynolds number is less than
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centered by the endplates and the annulus fibrosus. The aggrecan synthesized by the nucleus pulposus cells is highly negatively charged that enables the nucleus pulposus to swell by absorbing water. However‚ there are positive cations in the interstitial fluid‚ thus that charges are electrically balanced. In order to the higher concentration of cations‚ the disc undergoes an osmotic pressure (Donnan equilibrium). Subsequently‚ that gives the capacity to attract and absorb water‚ with the respect to the hydrostatic
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NPSHA in the system is calculated as : NPSHA = Terminal Pressure in the vessel (in guage) (+) Static Head of fluid above pump centre line (see note). (+) Atmospheric Pressure (-) Vapour Pressure of liquid at pumping temperature (-) Friction loss in suction piping up to pump centre line consisting of the following : Entrance and exit losses Loss in suction strainer Loss in control valves‚ instruments‚ exchangers etc. if any Line losses Note : a) The height of liquid in the vessel
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primary nozzle‚ Int. J. Refrig. 20 (1997) 352 – 358. Conference on Chemical Engineering‚ Brisbane‚ 4 – 7 September‚ 1983. [15] D. Sun‚ Variable geometry ejectors and their applications in ejector refrigeration systems‚ Energy 21 (1996) 919 – 929. Therm. Fluid Sci. 15 (1997) 384 – 394. [19] N. Al-Khalidy‚ Performance of solar refrigerant ejector refrigerating machine‚ ASHRAE Trans. 103 (1997) 56 – 64. Trans. 104 (1998) 153 – 160. J. Refrig. 13 (1990a) 351 – 356. 13 (1990b) 357 – 363. ASHRAE Trans. 101 (1995)
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Thermal hydraulics analysis of supercritical water reactor core design Jianguo Zhong‚ Michael Podowski Abstract: This paper started with a literature survey of development the supercritical flow reactor core design‚ various coolant flow path designs were discussed: conventional one-pass flow arrangement‚ two-pass and the three-pass coolant flow geometry. A simple 1-D model was developed for the one-pass and two-pass flow design to find the maximum flow bulk temperature and case temperature in
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pipelines with side branch cavities. 2. J. C. B 1987 Ph.D. Thesis‚ Eindhoven University of Technology. Flow induced pulsations in pipe systems. 3. J. C. B‚ A. H‚ M. E. H. D‚ A. P. J. W and J. G 1989 Journal of Fluids Engineering 111‚ 484–491. Flow induced pulsations in gas transport systems: analysis of the influence of closed side branches. 4. J. C. B‚ A. H‚ M. E. H. D‚ A. P. J. W and J. G 1991 Journal of Sound and Vibration
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deflection of jet flow measured from the veritical The negative sign means the Applied Force is opposite to the direction of the inlet jet stream. Nozzle diameter = 8mm Nozzle impact distance = 15mm Bernoulli equation can be used when fluid is considered as an inviscid‚ incompressible and steady flow. |[pic] | (1.4) | With these theory and Bernoulli equation
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Experiment 1: Viscosity of Liquids Victoria Kulczak Lab Partners: Laina Maines & Heidi Osterman Date of Lab: 2/21/11 Due Date: 2/28/11 Abstract: The goal of this experiment was to determine the viscosity of given liquids. Two different methods were employed‚ the first measures time of flow of several methanol-water solutions‚ from point A to point B. The second method involves dropping a foreign object‚ in this case a sphere‚ into a cylinder of glycerol and measuring the time it takes for it to
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coriolis mass flow meter When there is no flow in the pipe the measuring tube oscillates uniformly. In addition‚ sensors are located at the inlet and the outlet of the tube. These sensors have ability to notice this basic oscillation perfectly when the fluid starts to flow in the measuring tube. Additional twisting is applied on the oscillation because of the liquids inertia. As a result of Coriolis Effect‚ the inlet and the outlet parts of the tube oscillate in different directions simultaneously. These
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