Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes; SGS – subgrid-scale; TBLE – thin boundary layer equations Nomenclature A+ B C Cf Cp h k L L M P Pm Reh = = = = = = = = = = = = = damping function parameter log law intercept dynamic coefficient for the Smagorinsky model 2 friction coefficient‚ 2τw /U∞ 2 relative wall pressure coefficient‚ 2(Pw − Po )/U∞ step height
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EXERCISE 9 - Mechanical properties of solid and fluid mechanics 1. A stainless-steel wire of length 3.1 cm and a diameter of 0.22 mm. If it is stretched by 0.10 mm‚ find the tension of the wire. The Young’s modulus for stainless steel is 18 × 1010 Pa. 22 N 2. Determine the elongation of the rod i Figure 1 if it is under a tension of 5.8 × 103 N. Young’s Modulus: Copper‚ 11.0 x 1010 Nm-2‚ Aluminium 7.0 x 1010 Nm-2 1.9 cm 3. Air is trapped above liquid ethyl alcohol in
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pressure heads in a rigid convergent/divergent tube of known geometry for a range of steady flow rates. The Bernoulli’s theorem ( Bernoulli’s t heorem‚ 2011) relates the pressure‚velocity‚ and elevation in a moving fluid (liquid or gas)‚ the compressibility and viscosity(internal friction)of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady‚ or laminar. In order to demonstrate the Bernoulli’s theorem ‚ the F1-15 Bernoulli’s Apparatus Test Equipment isused in this experiment. The pressure difference
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Laws of Motion Bernoulli’s Principle In fluid dynamics‚ Bernoulli’s principles states that an increase in the speed of the fluid corresponds to a decrease in pressure of the same fluid. Similarly‚ the decrease in pressure corresponds to a loss in the potential energy of the fluid. The principle is applicable to various types of fluids‚ which leads to Bernoulli’s equation. There are different types of Bernoulli’s equation depending on the nature of fluid in use. The principle is valid for most compressible
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LINE 1. Introduction A Venturi meter is a device for determining the flow-rate of a fluid down a pipe. One measures the pressure difference between the venturi inlet and neck‚ and from this the flow-rate can be determined. The apparatus used on this experiment also has a number of straight tube manometers at equally spaced intervals. These will be used to determine the hydraulic grade line of the fluid as it passes through the manometer. 2. Apparatus and theory of the venturi A diagram
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Page : 1 of 64 KLM Technology Group Sdn. Bhd. Practical Engineering Guidelines for Processing Plant Solutions Rev: 03 Feb 2007 Author: A L Ling Pump Selection and Sizing (ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINE) Checked by: Karl Kolmetz TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION Scope General Design Consideration Type of Pump Process Requirements Parameters 6 9 5 DEFINITIONS 11 NOMENCLATURE 13 THEORY A) Working Principle of Pump I) Centrifugal Pump Centrifugal Pump Impeller &
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pressure gradient for fluid flow. Pressure gradient is the flow rate of a liquid through a pipe. This is directly proportional to the difference between the pressures at the two ends of the pipe and inversely proportional to the pip’s resistance. The pressure gradient is directly dependent upon blood vessel radius which essentially controls blood flow. The bigger the blood vessel radius‚ the more blood flow or fluid flow. The smaller blood vessel radius‚ the lesson blood or fluid flow. 2. Explain
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particles contained within a column. Generally a packed column is used to bring two phases in contact with one another. Normally one fluid will wet the packing and flow as a film over its surface. The second fluid will pass through the remaining volume of the column. This promotes a high interfacial area between the two phases and a high degree of turbulence between the two fluids. The fluid’s can be liquid or gas‚ and can be entered into the column either at the top or bottom. Figure 1 represents a typically
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References: 1. Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements. R.S. Figliola and D.E. Beasley‚ Wiley‚ (1991). 2. Fluid Mechanics. F.M. White‚ McGraw Hill‚ (1979). 3. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics. M. J. Moran and H. N. Shapiro‚ Wiley‚ (1988). Figure 1b. Detail of the velocities‚ pressures‚ and flow patterns through a generalized Bernoulli obstruction metered
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