Because common stock never matures‚ today’s value is the present value of an infinite stream of cash flows (i.e.‚ dividend). • But dividends are not fixed. • Not knowing the amount of the dividends—or even if there will be future dividends— makes it difficult to determine the value of common stock. • So what are we to do? Valuation Models • Dividend Valuation Model (DVM): – Constant dividend: Let D be the constant DPS: The required rate of return (re) is the return shareholders demand to compensate
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Lecture 1: The advantages of forming a corporation are: * Reduction of personal liability. A sole proprietor has unlimited liability * Taxes. Forming a corporation may mean that more expenses can be considered business expenses and be deducted from the company’s income. * Improved credibility. The business may have increased credibility in the business world compared to a sole proprietorship. * Ability to attract investment. Corporations can raise capital through the sale of equity
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Purpose of Exchange Offer: The exchange offer represented a plan to gradually decrease the total dividend payout from Avon. With PERCS in place‚ only up to 18 million PERCS holders would continue to receive a dividend of $2 per year. The remaining common shareholders would receive dividends of not more than $1.50 a share per year unless the PERCS were redeemed. Hence‚ Avon would be able to decrease its dividend payout per common shareholder by at least 50 cents a share for the next 3 years. Motivation
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c. The company is probably not trying to maximize price per share. d. The stock is a good buy. e. Dividends are not being declared. Required return Answer: a Diff: E [iii]. Stock A has a required return of 10 percent. Its dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 7 percent per year. Stock B has a required return of 12 percent. Its dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 9 percent per year. Stock A has a price of $25 per share‚ while Stock B has
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Anle Corporation has a current price of $20‚ is expected to pay a dividend of $1 in one year‚ and its expected price right after paying that dividend is $22. a. What is Anle’s expected dividend yield? Dividend Yield = Div1 / P0 = =1/20 = 5.0% b. What is Anle’s expected capital gain rate? Capital Gain = (P1 ‐ P0) / P0 = (22 ‐ 20 ) / 20 = 10.0% c. What is Anle’s equity cost of capital? Equity Cost of Capital = Div1/P0 + (P1 ‐ P0) / P0 = 15.0% 7. Dorpac Corporation has a dividend yield of 1.5%. Dorpac’s equity cost of capital is 8%
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2 Section 301.7701-3(a) 2 Section 301.7701-3(c) 3 IRC 243 - Dividends received by corporations 3 (a) General rule 3 (b) Qualifying dividends 3 (C) Election 5 (d) Special rules for certain distributions 5 (e) Certain dividends from foreign corporations 6 IRC 246(b)‚ 246(c) - Rules applying to deductions for dividends received 6 (b) Limitation on aggregate amount of deductions 6 (c) Exclusion of certain dividends 6 IRC 248 - Organizational expenditures 8 (a) Election to deduct
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Although this case presents several different issues to consider‚ the underlying problem is the correct implementation of Eastboro’s dividend policy. Eastboro was founded as a manufacturer of machine parts‚ and has traditionally paid a fairly substantial dividend. However‚ in recent years‚ the core focus of the company has shifted toward technology in the fields of computer-aided design and manufacturing‚ highlighted by its latest development‚ Artificial Workforce. This
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different types of stocks issued by a corporation are common stock‚ preferred stock‚ and treasury stock. Everyone is aware that common stock gives stockholders the right to vote on actions dealing with corporate earnings through the acquisition of dividends‚ and keeping the same percentage of shares when new stocks are issued. Preferred stocks are additional class of stocks issued by corporations to appeal to more investors. Treasury stock is stock that a company has issued‚ and then reacquires. Though
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Case: Dividend Policy GEORGIA ATLANTIC COMPANY During the depression of the 1930s‚ Ben Jenkins‚ Sr.‚ a wealthy‚ expansion-oriented lumberman whose family had been in the lumber business in the southeastern United States for several generations‚ began to acquire small‚ depressed sawmills and wholesale lumber companies. These businesses prospered during World War II. After the war‚ Jenkins anticipated that the demand for lumber would surge‚ so he aggressively sought new timberlands to supply
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E15-1 (Recording the Issuances of Ordinary Shares) during its first year of operations‚ Sitwell Corporation had the following transactions pertaining to its ordinary shares. Instructions 1. (a) Prepare the journal entries for these transactions‚ assuming that the ordinary shares have a par value of €3 per share. 2. (b) Briefly discuss how the entries in part (a) will change if the shares are nopar with a stated value of €2 per share. E15-2 (Recording the Issuance of Ordinary and Preference Shares)
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