Microbiology is the branch of Biology that deals with the study of microorganisms and how they influence or work with other living organisms. (Satellite Events Enterprises Inc.‚ 1999) In this paper I will discuss the history of Microbiology and specifically the early theory of spontaneous generation. I will discuss three spontaneous generation experiments and explain why it is obsolete in today’s science. History of Microbiology Since Microbiology is the study of microorganisms‚ it is understandable
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Contributors to Microbiology Pioneers of Microbiology I. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Oct. 24‚ 1632- Aug. 30‚ 1723) A. In 1676 Leeuwenhoek saw tiny organisms in water‚ he was the first man to observe and describe bacteria accurately. He discovered microscopic nematodes‚ blood cells and sperm. He also made over 500 microscopes to view specific objects. B. Microbiology is concerned with the study of all forms of life that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Antonie’s work
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emerge from non-living matter 3. A superstition- people unaware of microscopic forms of life * e.g. mice created from mixing wheat husks with sweaty undergarments * Maggots and flies emerge spontaneously from raw meat * Francesco Redi * Example of scientific method * Believed flies laid eggs on meat * Experiment to prove hypothesis * Limited access to meat (air‚ no fresh air‚ flies‚ no flies) 4. Idea that life could emerge spontaneously
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Biotechnology and research H. Normal flora I. Pathogens (malaria parasite‚ E. coli‚ Salmonella‚ Clostridium) IV. The Origin of Microorganisms A. Spontaneous Generation revisited 1. Francesco Redi 2. Lazzaro Spallazani 3. Louis Pasteur 4. John Tyndall B. If not Spontaneous Generation‚ then what? 1. Ferdinand Cohn 2. Robert Koch Chapter
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slice of cork from a tree bark. * Matthias Schleiden (Botanist) and Theodore Schwann (Zoologist)- claimed that all animal and all plants are made up of cells. * Rudolf Virchow- Eventually established the concept of the cell theory. * Francesco Redi- disapproved the Spontaneous Generation Theory. -Biogenesis * Carolus Linnaeus/Carl Von Linnae (Father of Taxonomy)- established the system of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged by genera and species. * Jean
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Pond water -discovered the nucleus -completed the microscope C. Francesco Redi (1627-1697) and Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799)- disproved the Theory of Spontaneous Generation [di ko sure kung kasama] D. (1831) Robert Brown-
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Chapter 1 1.1 The Scope of Microbiology (Living things too small to be seen without magnification) 1. Various Types of Microorganisms (Microbes): a. Bacteria‚ algae‚ protozoa‚ helminthes (parasitic invertebrate-worms) and fungi. 2. Multiple types of Professions Using Microbiology: b. A staff microbiologist at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention c. Epidemiologist d. Immunologist e. Food Inspectors f. Plant Microbiologists
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Theory of Spontaneous Generation • “Life arises spontaneously from non-living material” • Theory had supporters and detractors • Detractors included – Francesco Redi – Louis Pasteur – John Tyndall • Each contributed to disproving the theory 2 The Dispute Over Spontaneous Generation Italian biologist and physician Francesco Redi Demonstrated worms on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat (1668) • • • • Placed meat in two jars Covered one jar with gauze Gauze
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A. Living things versus Non-living things Most living things can be distinguished readily from non-living by the following characteristics: 1. Form and size. Living things have characteristic form and size within certain limits most of them are also arranged as definite individuals. While in non-living things‚ materials vary widely. 2. Organization. Living things are made up of cells which are assembled into interrelated system for performing the life processes. They rearrange and combine
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1: The Microbial World and You Learning Objectives Go Over First Lecture 1-1 List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. 1-2 Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. 1-3 Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms. 1-4 List the three domains. 1-5 Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. 1-6 Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis. 1-7 Identify
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