Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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Introduction: During this laboratory exercise will identify by the graph given which is isotonic‚ hypotonic‚ or hypertonic. The kidneys are a pair of fist-sized organs located outside the peritoneal cavity on each side of the spine. The kidney is a highly specialized organ that maintains the internal environment of the body by selectively excreting or retaining various substances according to specific body needs. The process of urine formation and adjustment of blood composition involves three
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Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
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Engineering Laboratory (Lab) Report Department of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science‚ University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) 1. Introduction Laboratory (Lab) reports are the most frequent document written by engineering student. These reports can contribute a significant amount of marks and yet little time or attention is devoted in understanding on how to write them well. The aim of this document is to provide a general guideline on writing a lab report. A lab report should not be
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Name: Danielle Title: Unknown Lab Report Introduction: There are many reasons for identifying an unknown bacterium. The reasons range from medical purposes‚ such as determining if the unknown could cause ailments in living things or knowing what microorganisms are needed to make antibiotics. The experiment was done by applying methods in order to identify an unknown bacterium. An unknown bacterium was handed out by Dr. Honer. The appropriate tests were prepared and applied. The
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[Name] [Teacher] [Course] [Date] Catalase Lab Report An enzyme is something that helps to speed up a chemical reaction. The enzyme changes from reaction to reaction‚ but it always has the same impact. However‚ certain variables may cause the enzyme to have a more or less significant impact on the speed of each reaction. One of these variables that changes the effectiveness of an enzyme is temperature. There is an optimal functioning temperature for each enzyme in each reaction‚ depending on
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CO2 Lab Report Intro Alka-Seltzer tablets are used to treat cold/flu symptoms as it produces CO2 when dissolved in water. The goal of this lab is to calculate the amount of NaHCO3 is needed to produce enough CO2 gas to fill the room. Experimental One Alka-Seltzer tablet was weighed on the analytical balance. Then a piece was measured out to be between 0.21 and 0.28 grams. 500mL of distilled water was added to a 600mL beaker. 80mL of water was mixed with 20mL of 6M HCl in a 150mL beaker. A
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Hugh Kim Lab Report: Stoichiometry Lab 1. Prelab Part1. 1) Create no waste = The principle that encourages chemists to not create waste at the first place rather than cleaning it up afterwards effectively shifts the chemistry more environmentally conscious‚ as creating no waste would make the experiment efficient; the reactants will be reduced to only the essential ones and the product will be maximized‚ a change that would make the experiment economic. Also‚ if chemists aim to
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Abstract This lab is performed in order to determine the total energy in a reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. The reaction is done twice‚ once to measure the heat of the reaction and again to determine the work done in the system. This is because Enthalpy equals heat plus work (∆H= ∆E+W). Heat and work can be broken down further into separate components so the equation used in lab is ∆H=mc∆T + PV. Many calculations are used in the lab to find out what cannot be measured directly (ex:
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Meal Worm Cellular Respiration Experiment Introduction Cellular respiration provides energy to all living organisms by collecting energy from food molecules. The cell then rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses that energy to make a molecule that stores energy called adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. Cellular respiration can occur with or without oxygen. When it occurs without oxygen‚ it is called anaerobic respiration. There are very few organisms that can get
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