CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS Covalent Bond: A chemical bond formed by the sharing of two atoms. Types of Covalent Bonds i. Single Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms. ii. Double Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms. iii. Triple Covalent Bond: A type of bond formed by sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms. Properties of Covalent Bond i. Their B.P. and M.P
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that it stayed closer to the stationary phase. Caffeine contains four amine groups that are extremely polar as a result of the hydrogen bond and amide functional group. Acetaminophen was found to be the second most polar analgesic drug tested. Acetaminophen contains a polar alcohol group on one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted of the benzene ring and methyl group. Acetylsalicylic acid low polarity results from only containing a carboxylic
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Abstract Introduction The acylation of the α carbon position of a carbonyl group is one of the greatest breakthroughs that has benefited chemists in organic synthesis particularly when in need of building a carbon skeleton of interest in a molecule. For one to be able perform this acylation technique‚ there are two mar approaches which are employable. The first method involves the deprotonation of the α-Carbon atom which has a pKa known to be ̴20 through the use of a strong base for instance
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The group activity included members of the class gathering together as a group and forming an idea of a type of group to facilitate. After a few minutes of brainstorming‚ the class came to a consensus to conduct a mindfulness meditation session. There was no chosen leader for the group. However‚ one of the members informally volunteered another member to lead the group. The informally chosen member took the lead and asked other members if they were comfortable with doing a mindfulness meditation
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carbonyl functional group which features carbon doubly bonded to oxygen. In the case of ketones there are two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl carbon and no hydrogens. In the case of aldehydes there is at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon; the other attachment may be to a carbon or a hydrogen. In all cases the carbon(s) that are attached to the carbonyl group may be aliphatic (not part of an aromatic ring) or aromatic (part of an aromatic ring). Since they share the carbonyl group‚ aldehydes
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and tryptophane. Biuret test shows 540nm Lowry test shows 750nm Ninhydrin Test • Amino acid containing a free amino group and a free carboxylic acid group that react together with ninhydrin to produce colured product. • Protein also contain free amino group on the alpha-carbon and can react with ninhydrin to produce blue purple product. • When the amino group is secondary the condensation product is yellow. Biuret Test • It positively identifies the presence of protein in solution
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Convert between a condensed molecular formula and a skeletal or line structure Determine the formula of a molecule from its skeletal representation Table Above Identify the functional groups in a molecule An organic compound can be viewed as a skeleton of carbon-carbon single bonds with "functional groups"
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molecule to the induced infrared radioactive energy. Thus from looking at the peaks on IR spectrum‚ possible functional groups in a compound can be analyzed (Mohrig‚ Hammond‚ & Schartz‚ 2010). Functional groups are the spesific groups of atoms in a molecule that undergo chemical reactions. These atom groups characterize the molecule. It is improtant to see the particular functional groups after the reaction
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Title : Properties of hydrocarbon Objective : 1) To study the properties of hydrocarbons. 2) To determine the unknown samples. Results : Part A : Combustion Compounds Observations Hexane There was orange flame and burned mildly during the burning process. No soots and smoke were produced. C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6CO2 + 7H2O Cyclohexene Orange flame burned vigorously. A small amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process.
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and acetic anhydride formed the crude sample. Further analysis of dry white crystals were used to give quantitative measurements and a percentage yield of 46% was obtained. The overall conclusion is that the acetic anhydride reacted with the –NH2 group. Materials and Methods: 1. We weighed out (on a top-pan balance) 4-aminophenol (about 11.0g) in a weighing boat and transfer the powder to a 250cm3 round-bottomed flask (RBF) using a powder funnel. 2. Then recorded the amount of 4-aminophenol
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