Know definitions of the words used for Meiosis‚ Mendel’s work and Genetics Dominant – expression that is always expressed when its gene recessive - An expression that is expressed only when its allele is the only form of the gene present in the genotype. incomplete dominance - Neither allele is dominant to the other‚ thus each is expressed in the heterozygous genotype producing an intermediate phenotype. EX. Red (RR) and White (R’R’) snapdragons produce pink (RR’). epistasis - A condition
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being higher due to more factors contributing to the cause of variation such as meiosis and fusion of gametes‚ as well as mutation. Genetic differences are due to the different genes that each individual organism possesses. The differences occur arise in living organisms and change from generation to generation. Genetic variation arises as a result of mutations‚ meiosis and fusion of gametes. Mutations are changes in DNA that result in the offspring containing different characteristics by the
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Five hundred million years ago‚ the invasion of land was under way. Why then? Astronomical numbers of photosynthetic cells had come and gone‚ and oxygen-producing types had changed the atmosphere. High above Earth‚ the sun’s energy had converted much of the oxygen into a dense ozone layer‚ a shield against lethal doses of ultraviolet radiation. Until then‚ life had not ventured above the surface of water and mud. Algae were evolving at the water’s edge‚ and one group – probably the charophytes
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Gregor Mendel wondered is his principle of segregation worked with individuals who differed in two traits. To test this‚ Mendel crossed pure lined round‚ yellow seeds with pure lined wrinkled‚ green seeds. He predicted that the F_1 offspring would be heterozygous for both genes. Experiments had established that the allele for yellow seeds were the dominant allele (Y) and green seeds were the recessive allele (y). There were two different ways as to how seed shape and seed color would be passed onto
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Review Questions & Answers (1/23) 1. Explain the difference between haploid and diploid cells. Tell where in an organism they are found. Tell how they are produced. A haploid cell is a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes. Gametes(sperm and ova) are haploid cells that are produced by meiosis. Diploid cells contain two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes. Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas. Some examples are skin‚ blood‚ muscle cells
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Chapter 11.2 & 11.3 Introduction to Genetics Step 1 Read sections 11.2 & 11.3 and complete the guided notes below. 1. What is probability? 2. In a parent pea plant with the allele pair Gg‚ what is the probability that one gamete will contain the G allele? 3. Complete the graphic organizer to define the characteristics of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes and phenotypes. Homozygous Genotype Phenotype Heterozygous 4. The dominant allele for smooth pod shape in peas is S. The recessive allele
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(Asexual) 3. Formation of gametes‚ which fuse to produce diploid zygotes. The zygotes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores that grow back into the fungal hyphae. Q: List the types of specialized hyphae. A: Sporangiophores‚ rhizoids‚ and stolons. Q: How do most fungi reproduce? What are the mating types called? A: Asexually or sexually and (-) and (+). Q: Describe how mold appears on bread. A: Hyphae from different mating types fuse to produce gamete-forming structures known as
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person? _________________ 8. What is the sex of a human if there are 23 matched pairs of chromosomes (including the sex chromosomes) in all the somatic cells? ______________________ 9. Which sex chromosomes do you (personally) have? _________________ Gametes or reproductive cells (sperm and eggs cells) have only the n or haploid chromosome number. Human egg or sperm cells have only 23 chromosomes. The haploid chromosome number or n is always one half the diploid or 2n number. 10. The diploid chromosome
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but cannot produce appropriate mating behavior. An example of this would be plants that grow flowers that cannot attract pollinators. The last type of postzygotic gene barrier is ‘hybrid sterility’ that means the hybrids fail to produce efficient gametes‚ such as a mule. The prezygotic gene barriers are anything that prevents mating and fertilization. One example of a prezygotic gene barrier is called ‘habitat isolation’ where two species meet each other rarely‚ or not at all‚ because they are in
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Cross F1 x F1 F2 generation shows individuals of both phenotypes‚ in a specific ratio 9:3:3:1 -this would only occur if independent assortment = 2 alleles separate & sort independently into gametes Mendel Rules of inheritance Different alleles for the same gene Principle of segregation-each gamete has 1 allele of each gene Principle of independent assortment Meisois Results in patterns of inheritance by Mendel Meisois 1 is during which segregation occur and principle of ind. Assortment
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