ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS FOR YEAR I ELECTRICAL 1 INTRODUCTION AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS All living things depend on energy for survival‚ and modern civilizations will continue to thrive only if existing sources of energy can be developed to meet the growing demands. Energy exists in many forms‚ from the energy locked in the atoms of matter itself to the intense radiant energy emitted by the sun. Many sources of energy exist: many are known‚ some perhaps unknown; but when
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M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M MARKSCHEME May 2012 CHEMISTRY Standard Level Paper 2 13 pages –2– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M General Marking Instructions Assistant Examiners (AEs) will be contacted by
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111g 111g Mass of water 28.5g 28.5g 28.5g Mass of solid 2.5g 2.5g 2.5g Initial temperature 24˚C 25˚C 25˚C Final temperature 32˚C 30˚C 31˚C Qwater: ∆Hrxn: ∆Hsolution per gram (J/g): Molar ∆Hsolution (kJ/mol): Is the solution reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your reasoning.: C. Heat of Neutralization Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Original temperature of HCL sol’n 28˚C 27˚C
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make a gaseous cations; X (g) (( X+ (g) + e- 3. the more strongly the electron is attracted to the nucleus‚ the greater the amount of energy needed 4. ionization energy is usually measured in kilojoules per mole Kj mol-1 of atoms; 5. ionization energies are positive values (endothermic process) as energy is needed to remove an electron. successive ionization energy: • energy needed to remove second‚ third‚... electrons from 1 mole of gaseous ions
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Y (3) H2 + 1/2 O2 --> H2O (delta) H = -285.8 KJ You know you already need the Mg and the 1/2 O2 on the left side and the MgO on the right side of the equasion.... I saw quickly that the Mg and 1/2 O2 are already on the left but the MgO in equasion (2) was on the left. Therefore‚ I switched it around. I ended with (1) Mg + 2HCl --> H2 + MgCl2 (delta) H = X (2) H2O + MgCl2 --> MgO + 2HCl (delta) H = -Y (3) H2 + 1/2 O2 --> H2O (delta) H = -285.8 KJ Basically‚ only the second equasion changed
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the molecules to increase the attraction (reducing potential energy). The positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence their arrangement. Dipole-dipole forces have strengths that range from 5 kJ to 20 kJ per mole. They are much weaker than ionic or covalent bonds and have a significant effect only when the molecules involved are close together (touching or almost touching). London Dispersion London dispersion forces are a type of force acting
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on in detail. Calories Calories Serving Size: 100g or 3.5oz kcal* kjoules* RDI% Total Calories 25 kcal 105 kJ 1% from Carbs 20.5 kcal 85.86 kJ from Fat 2.5 kcal 10.51 kJ from Protein 2 kcal 8.43 kJ from Alcohol 0 kcal 0 kJ *The unit "kcal" or kilocalories are what most American’s think of as 1 Calorie. Other countries use the unit kilojoule (kJ) to measure Food Energy. 1 kcal is equal to 4.184 kilojoules. Nutritional Data by SkipThePie.org Printable Label
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Heat of Fusion Report Sheet Data Intial volume of water in the styrofoam cup (before the ice was added) (mL) 100 Final volume of water in the styrofoam cup (after the ice melted) (mL) 145 Volume of water due to melted ice (mL) 45 Mass (g) melted ice 45 Initial temperature (°C) of the water placed in the styrofoam cup 47.3 Minimum temperature (°C) after the ice was melted 45 Calculations 1. The amount of liquid water placed in the cup was _____100_______ mL. Assume that
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http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/ASISTM/workmodule.html [pic] Work‚ energy‚ power and force. A good way to get a feeling for work and power is to produce some yourself. In this simple exercise you will measure how much work you do and calculate how powerful you are. Safety You will need some stairs that you can safely run up‚ preferable more than one floor. Normally‚ you shouldn’t run on stairs. So you should • not run up stairs if you are sick or have a medical problem • check that your teacher
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Which ionisation requires the most energy? a. Na(g) Na+(g) + e- b. Na+(g) Na2+(g) + e- c. Mg(g) Mg+(g) + e- d. Mg+(g) Mg2+(g) + e- 5. The bond enthalpies in kJ mol-1 for several bonds are given below: H – H 436 O – O 196 O = O 496 H – O 463 What is the enthalpy change‚ H‚ in kJ for the reaction below? 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O(g) a. 442 b. 92 c. - 484 d. - 834 6. At 0oC‚ the mixture formed when the following reaction reaches equilibrium consists mostly
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