Evaluation of antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity of jasminum grandiflorum leaves INTRODUTION 1.1. The pancreas and insulin formation The pancreas is an elongated organ situated next to the first part of the small intestine. It is both an endocrine gland that produces hormones‚ such as insulin and glucagon‚ and an exocrine gland producing digestive enzymes‚ such as trypsin and chymotrypsin (Martini‚ 2004). It is located behind the stomach‚ between the spleen and the duodenum (see Figure
Premium Insulin Diabetes mellitus Blood sugar
Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection Definition of CLABSI ? “Central associated blood stream infection (CLBSI) is defined as a positive blood culture with central venous access without evidence of other infectious sources” (Smith et al.‚ 2011‚ p.1038). PICO Question In critically ill patients with central lines‚ does implementation of the new evidenced based nursing practice changes help to prevent central line associated blood stream infection (CLABSI)? Literature on CLABSI Prevention
Premium Central venous catheter Immune system Blood
1.What is the purpose of staining samples?A) To increase the contrast and visibility of the specimen B) To kill the specimen C) To see the specimen without the aid of a microscope D) To make the specimen appear larger in the microscope2.Which of the following are bacterial SHAPES? (Select all that are correct. Be sure to select the appropriate scientific name. You lose points for choosing incorrectly or for not choosing a correct choice.)A) Vibrio B) Strepto C) Spirillum D) Staphylo E) Cocci
Free Bacteria Staining Gram staining
1 1. Explain the principle of positive staining. (3 marks) Positive staining is done by staining the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria with crystal violet. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is made up of a thick layer of peptidoglycan which undergoes dehydration during decolourisation causing the pores to shrink. This shrinkage of pores traps CV-I complex and stain the cell purple. 2. Using a flow chart‚ outline the process of gram staining. (5 marks) Flood the slide with crystal
Free Bacteria Staining Gram staining
least in a laboratory setting‚ says Mwambete‚ who tested it for action against several types of infection. Mwambete found that the plant may be useful for combating Escherichia coli‚ the common yeast Candida albicans‚ Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. It may be useful against Klebsiella pneumoniae as well‚ Mwambete notes. Klebsiella pneumoniae is frequently a hospital-acquired pathogen. It causes pneumonia‚ urinary tract infections and intraabdominal infections‚ according to the Centers
Premium Bacteria
I. Introduction of Disease An abscess (Latin: abscessus) is a collection of pus (dead neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process (usually caused by bacteria orparasites) or other foreign materials (e.g. splinters‚ bullet wounds‚ or injecting needles). It is adefensive reaction of the tissue to prevent the spread of infectious materials to other parts of the body. The organisms or foreign materials kill the local cells‚ resulting in the
Premium Staphylococcus aureus
Running Head: REDUCING SPREAD OF INFECTION Reducing Spread of Infection with Use of Alcohol-Based Products vs. Hand Washing: An Evidence Based Practice Megan K. Furnish Thomas Jefferson University Introduction Have you ever ate something without washing your hands or been next to someone who sneezed? If you have then you’ve been exposed to millions of germs. The world is full of microorganisms‚ such as bacteria and viruses which can make people sick. Simple activities‚ like breathing
Premium Nosocomial infection Hygiene Hand washing
Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Mechanisms of Pathogenicity • Pathogenicity: • Virulence: Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Figure 15.9 Portals of Entry • Mucous membranes • Skin • Parenteral route Numbers of Invading Microbes • ID50: Infectious dose for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of pathogen that will infect half of the test animals • LD50: Lethal dose (of a toxin) for 50% of the test population (animals) • Dose of toxin that will kill half of the test
Premium Bacteria Protein
K. pneumoniae is a gram negative‚ facultative anaerobic‚ gamma-proteobacteria that can cause pneumonia‚ urinary tract infections‚ cholecystitis‚ and septicemia. (Strand & Shulman 1988) As shown in Table 1.‚ many organisms have developed resistances to commonly used antibiotics. The difference between the standard strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the extended spectrum betalactemase (ESBL) strain‚ for example‚ is striking. 12 antibiotics had greater than or equal to 95 percent effectiveness against
Premium Bacteria Antibiotic resistance Immune system
Within Clinical settings the prevalence of nosocomial Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is rising which is placing more patients at risk of acquiring an infection and placing more strain on the health care system‚ as patients receiving these infections are occupying hospital beds for extended periods of time (Chaberny et al 2008‚ p 526). With this knowledge‚ the author has identified that there is a lacking of screening measures that‚ if implemented‚ may help to reduce
Premium Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic resistance Pneumonia