Hard Water How can water be hard? Well‚ it can‚ but maybe not in the sense that one would think. Hard water refers to water with dissolved calcium and magnesium ions in it. Rainwater is naturally soft‚ but when the water runs through the ground or over rocks causing erosion‚ calcium and magnesium ions can be easily picked up. Most people prefer hard water to soft water for drinking‚ because the ions are good for you‚ and because soft water leaves a “dry” taste in one’s mouth (1‚2). Big businesses
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Properties and Identification of Hydrocarbons Purpose: a) To identify saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using properties and reactions. b) Study substitution and addition reactions. Equipments test tube rack (1) test tube holder (2) 100 mL beaker medium test tube (6) Materials
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protein and other nutrients including calcium‚ iron and vitamins A and D because childhood is an important time for growth and development. * A child needs calcium for healthy bones and teeth. * A child needs vitamin D as it helps bones grow stronger along with calcium. * A child needs iron for healthy blood and it also helps fight infection. * By eating a vegetarian diet‚ you could end up deficient in some nutrients‚ including protein‚ iron‚ calcium and vitamin B12. | A 16/17 year old
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Braz Dent J (2002) 13(2): 137-141 Bilateral fusion ISSN 0103-6440 137 Bilateral Fusion of Mandibular Second Molars with Supernumerary Teeth: Case Report Eduardo NUNES 1 Ivaldo Gomes de MORAES 2 Paulo Márcio de Oliveira NOVAES 3 Simone Maria Galvão de SOUSA4 1 Department of Endodontics‚ Pontificial Catholic University‚ Belo Horizonte‚ MG‚ Brazil 2 Department of Endodontics‚ Bauru Dental School‚ Bauru‚ SP‚ Brazil 4 Department 3 Private Endodontic Practice‚ Belo Horizonte‚
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For example‚ calcium citrate is sometimes added to orange juice. Ascorbic acid in lemon juice is what keeps cut fruits and vegetables from turning brown. That’s why commercial food processing it is used as an antioxidant preservative. Acids and bases are characterized
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procedures: Add sulfuric acid to the mixture of benzoic and methanol‚ heat up the mixture to 65 oC. Transfer the mixture to the separatory funnel and add ether‚ sodium bicarbonate and saturated sodium chloride-brine solution‚ drain the bottom layer each time and remain ether layer. Decant the solution with calcium chloride‚then evaporate the ether by steam bath and cool down. The product is methyl benzoate. Pour methyl benzoate into cool concentrated sulfuric acid and keep the temperature below
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Subject: Chemistry Topic: The Periodic Table The periodic table is a classification of all the elements based on ATOMIC NUMBER. It is composed of HORIZONTAL PERIODS and VERTICAL GROUPS which contain the elements arranged: *the order of INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER *in the relation to the ELECTRON STRUCTURE of the atoms *in the relation to their CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (Criteria Used For Placing ELEMENTS in the Periodic Table) 1. ATOMIC NUMBER 2. NUMBER OF SHELLS (PERIOD) 3. NUMBER OF OUTER
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halide‚ 1-bromobutane via Sn2 mechanism. The mechanism for the above reaction is shown below: The second intermediate‚ potassium n-butylmalonate‚ was synthesized by saponification of the first intermediate‚ diethyl n-butylmalonate‚ with potassium hydroxide. The hydrolysis of diethyl n-butylmalonate resulted in the formation of potassium n-butyl malonic acid by losing the ethoxy group (-OCH2CH3) from both sides of the carbonyl ester. Further deprotonation of the formed acid by -OCH2CH3 forms a carboxylate
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bismuth from lead through the introduction of calcium or magnesiuminto a molten solution of the lead and bismuth. The resulting calcium or magnesium bismuthide‚ being lighter than molten lead rises to the surface as dross (solid impurities) and can then be removed. The dross is then treated with chlorine at temperatures of around 572-932°F (380-500°C) to remove the magnesium or calcium. High purity bismuth is produced after treatment using sodium hydroxide. 2.The Betts Process involves electrolytic
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Chemical Equilibrium ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Iron-Silver Equilibrium In studying equilibrium between iron and silver‚ 0.10 M FeSO4 and 0.10 M AgNO3 were used. The balanced equation for the reaction is: FeSO4 (aq) + 2 AgNO3 (aq) ↔ Fe(NO3)2 (aq) + Ag2SO4 (s) It has a net equation of: Fe2+(aq) + Ag+(aq) ↔ Fe3+(aq) + Ag(s) This part of the experiment
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