Heat resistance of endospores of Bacillus pumilus Abstract Spore suspension of Bacillus pumilus was inoculated into universal bottles containing sterile distilled water in water baths at temperatures of 85°C‚ 90°C and 95°C. At specific time intervals‚ a sample was removed and spread on nutrient agar plates. The number of colonies formed was used to determine the D-value and z-value. The D-value for 85°C is 64.1 minutes‚ 25.7 minutes for 90°C and 8.2 minutes for 95°C while the z-value is 11
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Allusion: Henry didn’t mind sitting in the back of the bus. But for some reason Sheldon seemed to resent it. Grousing once in a while about how this was the Northwest and not the Deep South and the bus driver had had no business jerking his thumb toward the back of the bus when he and Henry boarded. Page 214 |Explanation: Henry and Sheldon are heading out to meet Keiko at the new camp and are told to go to the back of the bus by the bus driver. Though Henry is fine with this Sheldon complains
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curvature in the neck‚ upper trunk and lower trunk is normal. Humans need these spinal curves to help the upper body maintain proper balance and alignment over the pelvis. However‚ when there are abnormal side-to-side (lateral) curves in the spinal column‚ we refer to this as scoliosis. Scoliosis occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. While scoliosis can be caused by conditions such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy‚ the cause of most scoliosis is unknown. Scoliosis
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Aim To investigate the effect of molar mass on the molar heat of combustion of adjacent members of a homologous alcohol series. Introduction Chemists refer to the energy stored in a substance as the heat content or enthalpy of the substance. The heat of reaction is determined by the difference in the enthalpy between the reactants and products. The molar heat of combustion of a substance is the quantity of heat liberated when one mole of that substance is burnt completely in air. In the case
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Heat of Combustion of Magnesium Background: The students were given full instructions on how to experimentally determine the enthalpy of reaction (ΔHrxn) for the combustion of magnesium ribbon‚ using Hess’s Law. Data Collection: | |Reaction 1 |Reaction 2 | | |(MgO) |(Mg)
Free Thermodynamics Enthalpy Entropy
Heat Conduction along a Composite Bar Objective To study the conduction of heat along a composite bar and evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient. Theory Thermal conduction is the mode of heat transfer which occurs in a material by virtue of a temperature gradient within it. A solid is chosen for the demonstration of pure conduction since both liquids and gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. In a practical situation‚ heat conduction occurs in three detentions‚ a complexity
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After watching the movie and reading the book‚ there are some major differences such as the character development‚ key roles and certain scenes‚ yet minor differences like objects or dialogue used in the movie than the book. These differences shown between the two indicating how the book is better developed and gives more detail than the movie‚ which allows the reader have a better perception of how the characters’ minds work‚ and explaining their actions In the novel‚ Sam Wood is shown
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Cool summer foods to beat the heat. Maintaining a healthy diet in summer is a concern for most individuals in the modern world. The sun is shining and the mercury levels are soaring‚ you know the summer is here and there is no escape from it. It is a season where energy levels and appetite are low and a slightest activity causes the sweat to flow off your back and face. Life goes on and it is very necessary to cope with the heat to avoid the usual problems of dehydration‚ heatstroke and a feeling
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The Little Heat Engine: Heat Transfer in Solids‚ Liquids and Gases The question now is wherein the mistake consists and how it can be removed. Max Planck‚ Philosophy of Physics‚ 1936. While it is true that the field of thermodynamics can be complex‚1-8 the basic ideas behind the study of heat (or energy) transfer remain simple. Let us begin this study with an ideal solid‚ S1‚ in an empty universe. S1 contains atoms arranged in a
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Module : Heat Transfer – Free Convection and Radiation Laboratory Date : 22nd March 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 AIMS & OBJECTIVES 3 Objectives 3 To investigate Free Convection and Radiation 3 Theory 3 EXPERIMENT 3 Apparatus Used 3 Procedure 4 RESULTS‚ CALCULATIONS‚ OBSERVATIONS & CONCLUSIONS 5 Observations During Tests 5 Table 1 5 Table 2 5 Calculations 6 Calculating Power (Watts) 6 Calculating Heat Transfer Emissivity (Ɛ) 6 Emisssivity of a black body
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