INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SECURITY AUDIT 1. Define the following terms: (6 Marks) -Integrity In information security‚ integrity means that data cannot be modified undetectably. This is not the same thing as referential integrity in databases‚ although it can be viewed as a special case of Consistency as understood in the classic ACID model of transaction processing. Integrity is violated when a message is actively modified in transit. Information security systems typically provide message integrity
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been made into a synthesizable using Verilog code which can be easily implemented on to FPGA. The algorithm is composed of three main parts: cipher‚ inverse cipher and Key Expansion. Cipher converts data to an unintelligible form called plaintext. Key Expansion generates a Key schedule that is used in cipher and inverse cipher procedure. Cipher and inverse cipher are composed of special number of rounds. For the AES algorithm‚ the number of rounds to be performed during the execution of the algorithm
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that can break it have demonstrated exhaustive key search attacks can use Triple-DES – but slow‚ has small blocks US NIST issued call for ciphers in 1997 15 candidates accepted in Jun 98 5 were shortlisted in Aug-99 Rijndael was selected as the AES in Oct-2000 issued as FIPS PUB 197 standard in Nov-2001 AES Requirements private key symmetric block cipher 128-bit data‚ 128/192/256-bit keys stronger & faster than Triple-DES active life of 20-30 years (+ archival use) provide full specification
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In the history of cryptography‚ the Enigma was a portable cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. More precisely‚ Enigma was a family of related electro-mechanical rotor machines comprising a variety of different models. The Enigma was used commercially from the early 1920s on‚ and was also adopted by the military and governmental services of a number of nations most famously by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. The German military model‚ the Wehrmacht Enigma
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References: ciphers for Wireless Sensor Networks”‚ March 10‚ 2009. TEA”‚ 2005 IEEE ICICS. Conference‚ 2008. Laszlo Hars‚ Cortlandt Manor‚ NY (US)‚ “Switching electronic circuit for Random Number Generation”‚ US Patent August 3‚ 2004. Laszlo Hars‚ Cortlandt Manor‚ NY
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Category/Performance: 5. Pseudocode 6. Implementation: C++‚ Java 7. Compare: Associated algorithm 8. Summarize 9. Conclusion 10. References BLOWFISH ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM General Designers Bruce Schneier First published 1993 Successors Twofish Cipher detail Key sizes 32–448 bits Block sizes 64 bits Structure Feistel network Rounds 16 Best public cryptanalysis Four rounds of Blowfish are susceptible to a second-order differential attack (Rijmen‚ 1997);[1] for a class of weak keys‚ 14 rounds of
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topic‚ and have been discussed in detail. The other terms that are crucial related to this topic is Secret Keys and Ciphers (upon which our entire report is based). ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION As said earlier‚ Encryption and Decryption are the two most basic terms of Cryptography. Here‚ the secret is to convert the plain text‚ which is the usual text that we encounter daily‚ into a Cipher text which on sight looks just like a ordinary plain text but with a secret message hidden which can be only read
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RC4 algorithm‚ with four states and 2 bit key values are [2‚5] ASCII value for H – 1001000I – 1001001 (5+5=10 Marks) 3. a. Find the plaintext from the ciphertext using cesar cipher – VSRQJHEREVTXDUHSDQWU b. Encipher “CHUCK NORRIS IS A TOUGH GUY” using a rail fence cipher. c. Decipher “JYENR BOALR ERIIE LOLAR ISNDE TLYRC ACIFB PE” using a simple 4 column transposition. (2.5+ 2.5+5 =10 Marks ) (P.T.O) Subject: Computer
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Methods There are two standard methods of cryptography‚ asymmetric encryption and symmetric encryption. Data that is in its original form (unscrambled) is called plaintext. Once the data is scrambled and in its encrypted form it is called cipher text. The cipher text‚ which should be unintelligible to anyone not holding the encryption key‚ is what is stored in the database or transmitted down the communication line. Asymmetric encryption (also know as public key encryption) uses two separate keys
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Classical Encryption Techniques ...............................................................7 Block Ciphers and the Date Encryption Standard.................................13 Finite Fields .................................................................................................21 Advanced Encryption Standard...............................................................28 More on Symmetric Ciphers.....................................................................33 Confidentiality Using Symmetric
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