Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality. (12 marks) The behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learnt. This includes abnormal behaviours. Behaviours can be learned through classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning or modelling. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning‚ where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours‚ including phobias
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Uncertainty avoidance: The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. At 30 China has a low score on uncertainty avoidance. None the less‚ adherence to laws and rules may be flexible to suit the actual situation and pragmatism is a fact of
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How can texts position audiences to reject‚ accept or question values and beliefs? Nelson Mandela once said that “our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an actual South African reality that will reinforce humanity’s belief in justice‚ strengthen its confidence in the nobility of the human soul‚ and sustain all our hopes for a glorious life for all”. Through the eyes of a person living in an egalitarian society one may be able to view the excellent film District 9‚ as directed by
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Measurement and Uncertainty When recording data‚ each entry should be given a corresponding estimated error‚ or uncertainty. The uncertainty gives the reader an idea of the precision and accuracy of your measurements. Use the following method for finding the uncertainty associated with any measuring device used in lab. First‚ find the least count‚ or the smallest printed increment‚ of the measuring device. On the meter sticks‚ the least count is 1 mm. On the double pan balances‚ the least count
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Anomalies to Efficient Market Hypothesis and the extent to which they can be explained by behavioural finance theories Finance that is based on rational and logical theories‚ such as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). These theories assume that people‚ for the most part‚ behave rationally and predictably. The Efficient market hypothesis assumes that financial markets incorporate all public information and assets that share prices reflect all relevant
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Planning and Uncertainty Sergio M. Jimenez Master in Arts Of Management Universidad Autonoma del Caribe Miami Campus Abstract It is determinant for an organization the mastery at the moment of handling uncertainties stemming from its internal production processes and from its environment‚ is mainly what projects and stabilizes the overall of any further functioning. Many organizations‚ foremost those which have to manage with substantial health and safety risks‚ focus on any aspect that can minimize
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Uncertainty Avoidance What is Uncertainty Avoidance? The Uncertainty Avoidance is one of the five intercultural dimensions developed by Hofstede. This cultural index concerned with a community’s tolerance for dubiousness and amphibology. It demonstrate to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either inconvenient or convenient in unstructured situations. This situations are new‚ unfamiliar‚ surprising‚ and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to reduce the opportunity
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did not build on fundamental cornerstones but from the world of psychology‚ called Behavioral Finance. The theories within Behavioral Finance also offered a new perspective when explaining market movements. The market is determined by people who can not always be considered rational in their investment decisions‚ especially not during times of financial distress (Shefrin‚ 2000). Behavioral finance is‚ in essence‚ trying to explain and increase understanding of
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Introduction Uncertainty in illness is present for both acute and chronic illnesses and can be described as a cognitive stressor‚ a sense of loss of control‚ and a perceptual state of doubt which is dynamic in nature. Illness uncertainty can be associated with poor adjustment‚ but often needs to be evaluated as a threat to have its deleterious effect. For example‚ illness uncertainty in pain populations is related to increased sensitivity to pain and reduction in tolerance of painful stimuli
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Uncertainty Avoidance He has defined the cultural characteristic of Uncertainty Avoidance as: . . . the extent to which people within a culture are made nervous by situations which they perceive as unstructured‚ unclear‚ or unpredictable‚ situations which they therefore try to avoid by maintaining strict codes of behaviour and a belief in absolute truths. Cultures with a strong uncertainty avoidance are active‚ aggressive‚ emotional‚ compulsive‚ security-seeking‚ and intolerant; cultures with
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