PREPARING BUFFERS AND BUFFER CAPACITY INTRODUCTION A buffer solution is one in which the pH of the solution is "resistant" to small additions of either a strong acid or strong base. Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base‚ in relatively equal and "large" quantities. A buffer system can be made by mixing a soluble compound that contains the conjugate base with a solution of the acid such as sodium acetate with acetic acid or ammonia with ammonium chloride. The buffer capacity
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Procedure 1. Sodium carbonate - sodium bicarbonate buffer: Dissolve 20 ml of 0.2 M solution of sodium carbonate (2.12 gm in 100 ml distilled water) and 230 ml of 0.2 M sodium bicarbonate (4.12 gm in 250 ml distilled water) to make up the volume 250 ml with pH 9 -9.2 2. 5 N sodium hydroxide solution (10 gm in 50 ml distilled water) 3. Substrate stock solution: Dissolve 0.1 gm of p-nitrophynyl phosphate in 25 ml of carbonate bicarbonate buffer (prepared as above). 4. Enzyme solution: Dissolve 10 mg
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analysis Date: 29 September 2012 Analysis of Phosphate Introduction The aim of the experiment is to determine the concentration of phosphate ions in unknown samples. A series of dilution of known concentration is performed from the phosphate working solution. Each of the prepared working standards‚ the unknown samples and the blank are then made to react with a mixed reagent which have been prepared after acid wash of the glasswares Glassware * 2 Beakers * 11 conical flasks
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Messing 8/3/12 Section 623 Abstract To examine the effectiveness of buffers by titrating two sets of five different solutions using HCl and NaOH and monitoring the pH change of the various solutions. The data collected shows that the buffer systems made with sodium acetate and acetic acid were effect when titrated with the strong acid and the strong base. Comparison of all the solutions shows that the concepts of buffers holds true for the results from the experimentation. Introduction The
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Study of the first element – Hydrogen. Answer the following questions:- 1. Give a reason why hydrogen can be placed in group 1[IA] and group 17[vIIA] of the periodic table. 2. What similarities does it show with group 1[IA] and group 17[VIIA]. With special reference to valency electrons and ion formaton and examples. 3. How does hydrogen occur in the free and combined state? 4. Which metals react with cold‚steam and boiling water to form their respected oxides and hydroxides ? Give examples and
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and concisely 1. List 5 types of operating systems with their primary functionality area and do they cater multiple types 2. Based on your knowledge and current state of development are OS-less computer system possible or not. 3. On early computers‚ every byte of data read or written was handled by the CPU (i.e. there was no DMA). What implications does this have for multiprogramming? 4. A portable operating system is one that can be ported from one system architecture to another without any modification
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in ATP molecules. The energy in ATP is obtained from the breakdown of foods. An ATP molecule is composed of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ oxygen‚ and phosphorus atoms. There are three phosphorus atoms in the molecule. Each of these phosphorus atoms is at the center of an atomic group called a phosphate. The phosphate groups are linked to one another by chemical bonds called phosphate bonds. The energy of ATP is locked in these bonds. The energy in ATP can be released as heat or can be used in the cell
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[pic] Drops |Water(HcL) |Water(NaOH) |Liver(HcL) |Liver(NaOH) |Egg White(HcL) |Egg White(NaOH0) |Potato(HCl) |Potato(NaOH) |Buffer(HCl) |Buffer(NaOH) | |0 |7 |4 |7.4 |5 |8.2 |7 |6.9 |4 |10.7 |10 | |5 |4.5 |7 |6.9 |6 |7.5 |8 |6.2 |5 |10.5 |10 | |10 |2.7 |9 |6.3 |6 |7 |9 |5.7 |5 |10.4 |11 | |15 |2.6 |12 |5.8 |6 |6.4 |9 |5.3 |6 |10.3 |12 | |20 |2.5 |12 |5.4 |6 |4.5 |10 |4.9 |7 |10.2 |12 | |25 |2.4 |13 |5.1 |6 |3.5 |10 |4.6 |8 |10.1 |13 | |30 |2.3 |13 |4.8 |6 |3.3 |11 |4.2 |8 |10 |13 | | 1.
Free PH Acid dissociation constant
Title: pH and buffer solutions Aim This experiment was carried out to determine the role of buffer solution and the factor which affect the buffer capacity. Besides‚ this experiment was carried out to investigate the solubility of protein casein over a range of pH concentration. This experiment also was carried out to determine the isoelectric point of the casein and the effect of the isoelectric point toward the casein solution. Methods Verification of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS: ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies have been done on these compounds‚ and their reactions are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an acid and base are combined‚ resulting in the formation of water (in aqueous solution) and a salt; this reaction is called neutralization. A buffer solution is a solution that contains both an acid and a salt
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Buffer solution