Lecture 1: Obstacles to critical thinking: - - Egocentrism – Inability to see things at others’ points of view. I want you to support me and tell me that I’m right. I don’t want your rational analysis. Just support me no matter what. Adults are more egocentric Ethnocentrism – Or sociocentrism. My society‚ my ethnic background‚ etc. Stereotyping – Although there is a cognitive compensity to do this. Fear / Psychological Defensiveness – fear of questioning the beliefs Dogmatism – This
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Comm Theory Review Questions Elaboration Likelihood Model Owner: Richard Petty & John Cacioppo 1. Identify and explain the two mental routes to attitude change. Are these routes mutually exclusive? What separates the twin poles on the cognitive continuum? Central Route: Message elaboration; the path of cognitive processing that involves scrutiny of message content. Peripheral Route: No message elaboration; a mental shortcut process that accepts or rejects a message based on irrelevant
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Rogerian argumentation is a willingness to think about opposing positions and to describe them equally. Rogerian uses more pathos than actual facts‚ making it the less useful way to structure an argumentative essay. Toulmin argumentation uses syllogisms such as "sometimes‚ often‚ presumable‚ unless‚ almost. etc." Although this method seems useless ‚it has become a powerful and practical tool for understanding and shaping arguments (182). First‚ the writer begins with a claim generally it is a statement
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Answer MUST BE IN SIMPLIFIED FORM QUESTION 5 on next page 5. (20 points = (5 x 4 points) For each of the following arguments‚ indicate what rule (Denying the consequent (DC) ‚ Affirming the antecedent (AA) ‚ or Disjunctive syllogism (DS)) can be used to justify the conclusion. You must show your work as discussed in lecture to get full credit. i.e. P1: P2: C: a. Payton doesn’t bake chocolate chip cookies for dessert if his friend Micky comes
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Chapter 8 Fallacies Fallacies are mistakes in reasoning. In this chapter we will be concerned specifically with informal fallacies. In chapter five we already dealt with certain species of formal fallacy‚ such as denying the antecedent and affirming the consequent. A formal fallacy is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning because of its structure. In contrast‚ an informal fallacy involves a mistake in reasoning that goes beyond the structure of the argument and that needs inspection
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Question Type: # Of Questions: # Correct: Multiple Choice 10 7 Grade Details - All Questions 1. Question : The logic that deals with sentences is called Student Answer: intuitionist logic. X sentential logic. senseless logic. ordained logic. Instructor Explanation: The answer can be found in Chapter One of An Introduction to Logic. Points Received: 1 of 1 Comments: 2. Question : In the
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The story of Human Evolution “A Brief Overview” By Swati yadav The Argument in Syllogisms Western Religion Premise 1 - God created humanity. Premise 2 - Humanity did not evolve. Conclusion 3 - Therefore‚ there will be no evidence of human evolution. OneWorldInsight.com Science Premise 1 - All life forms on earth go through the process of evolution. Premise 2 - Humanity is a life form on earth. Conclusion 3 - Therefore‚ there will be evidence of human evolution. Age of the Earth – 5 billion
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According to Kant‚ the fundamental principle of morality must be a categorical‚ rather than a hypothetical imperative‚ because an imperative based on reason alone is one that is a necessary truth‚ is a priori‚ and is one that applies to us because we are rational beings capable of fulfilling our moral obligations. Kant explains this essential truth is how "an action as objectively necessary in itself apart from its relation to a further end". This refers to how if the supreme principle of morality
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including political theory Aristotle… Aristotle’s range of philosophical inquiry was staggering. a. He wrote about the ideal polis in his book Politics and criticized Plato. b. He developed a new school of scientific discussion based on the syllogism; he often discussed topics with students in the "peripatos" manner (discussing while walking). c. In his books Physics and Metaphysics he developed a theory of nature based on the four principles of matter‚ form‚ movement‚ and
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The main credited "father of logic" is widely considered to be the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. Interested in every area of human knowledge about the world‚ Aristotle aimed to unify all of them in a coherent system of thought by developing a common methodology that would serve equally well as the procedure for learning about any discipline.(Hurley 5) For Aristotle‚ then‚ logic is the instrument (the "organon") by means of which we come to know anything. He proposed as formal rules for correct
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