INTRODUCTION Companies need to choose from among various sources of finance depending on the amount of capital required and the term for which it is needed. Finance sources can be divided into three categories‚ namely traditional sources‚ ownership capital and non-ownership capital. Traditional sources are the internally generated capital (retained earnings); ownership capital is the capital owned by shareholders of the company (ordinary shares) while non-ownership capital includes funds from lenders
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References: Merlo‚ Alida and Benekos‚ Peter. (1999) “Prison over crowding creates a Need for Prison Alternatives”. Article 15. Opposing viewpoints on Prisons. Risley‚ David. (2000) “Mandatory Sentences are an Effective Strategy in the War on Drugs”. Article 2. Opposing viewpoints on Mandatory Drug Sentencing.
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CORPORATE FINANCE Master in Banking and Finance 2012 FINAL EXAM A. PROBLEMS (20 points each problem) 1. FAGE Manufacturing is currently an all-equity firm with 20 million shares outstanding and a stock price of $7.50 per share. Although investors currently expect FAGE to remain an all-equity firm‚ the company plans to announce that it will borrow $50 million and use the funds to repurchase shares. FAGE will pay interest only on this debt‚ and it has no further plans to increase or decrease
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(faith and believe)‚ Akhlak (ethics and morality) and Muamalat (transactions). The latest one‚ Islamic law of transactions (fiqh muamalat) has become inevitable in contemporary Islamic finance. The main rationale could be found in the fact that to some level‚ companies engaging in the business of Islamic finance act upon on the foundation of profit maximization. This must be practiced by embracing the Shariah doctrine‚ one of which is the disallowance of interest or usury as riba. By doing so
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Behavioral Finance Jay R. Ritter Cordell Professor of Finance University of Florida P.O. Box 117168 Gainesville FL 32611-7168 http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/ritter jay.ritter@cba.ufl.edu (352) 846-2837 Published‚ with minor modifications‚ in the Pacific-Basin Finance Journal Vol. 11‚ No. 4‚ (September 2003) pp. 429-437. Abstract This article provides a brief introduction to behavioral finance. Behavioral finance encompasses research that drops the traditional assumptions of expected utility
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HOMOSEXUALITY: A COMPARISON OF WESTERN AND EASTERN VIEWPOINTS The purpose of this paper is to shed a positive light on homosexuality. The paper will also look at how religion has shaped the views that people have regarding homosexuality. It will be seen that‚ for the most part‚ Christianity in the West has encouraged people to take a negative attitude on the subject. By contrast‚ the Eastern religion of Buddhism has taught people to have a more tolerant attitude toward homosexuality. It
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INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS IN FINANCE MEANING OF FINANCE Finance means fund or other financial resources; it deals with matter related to money and the market. The field of finance refers to the concept of time‚ money and risk and how they are interrelated. Banks are the main facilitators of funding. Funding means asset in the form of money. Finance is the set of activities that deals with the management of funds. It helps in making the decision like how to use the collected fund. It is also art
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SOURCES OF FINANCE There are various sources available to meet short term needs of finance. The different sources are discussed below: 7.1 Trade Credit: It represents credit granted by suppliers of goods‚ etc.‚ as an incident of sale. The usual duration of such credit is 15 to 90 days. It generates automatically in the course of business and is common to almost all business operations. It can be in the form of an ’open account’ or ’bills payable’. Trade credit is preferred as a source of finance because
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WP/07/227 Public Financial Institutions in Developed Countries—Organization and Oversight Lev Ratnovski and Aditya Narain © 2006 International Monetary Fund WP/07/227 IMF Working Paper Monetary and Capital Markets Department Public Financial Institutions in Developed Countries—Organization and Oversight Prepared by Lev Ratnovski and Aditya Narain Authorized for distribution by David Marston September 2007 Abstract This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views
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What is Finance? • Finance can be defined as the art and science of managing money. • Finance is concerned with the process‚ institutions‚ markets‚ and instruments involved in the transfer of money among individuals‚ businesses‚ and governments. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-1 Major Areas & Opportunities in Finance: Financial Services • Financial Services is the area of finance concerned with the design and delivery of advice and financial products to individuals
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