|ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND STRESS MANAGEMENT | LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter‚ students should be able to: 1. Describe forces that act as stimulants to change. 2. Summarize sources of individual and organizational resistance to change. 3. Describe Lewin’s three-step change model. 4. Explain the values underlying most OD efforts 5. Identify properties of innovative
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PERCEPTION AND INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING | | PERCEPTION A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Individuals behave in a given manner based not on the way their external environment actually is but‚ rather‚ on what they see or believe it to be. An organization may spend millions of dollars to create a pleasant work environment for its employees. However‚ in spite of these expenditures‚ if an employee believes
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foundations of change ‚ approaches‚ models‚ methods and tools 1.1 General definition changes ‚ the concept ‚ the scope of 1.2. Approaches to organizational change 1.3. Models of change management - "Theory E" (hard method changes) and "Theory O" (soft method) - organizational change strategy 1.4. Methods of organizational change 1.4.1. harsh methods 1.4.2 . Soft methods of organizational change 1.4.3 . Integral methods of organizational change 1.5 Reactive and proactive change management
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What is decision making; The process of selecting from several choices products or ideas‚ and taking action. Decision making includes followings : 1.A position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration . * 2.Choosing between alternative courses of action using cognitive processes - memory‚ thinking‚ evaluation‚ etc . * * 3.The process of mapping the likely consequences of decisions‚ working out the importance of individual factors‚ and choosing the best course of action
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To answer this question‚ we must first examine the thinking process and define the meaning of morality. We continually make decisions without regard to ethics or moral values on a daily basis. We can define morality as a system of shared rules‚ or values that dictate specific behavior during the interaction of people. Morality or moral value is about doing the right thing and brings up questions on how we ought to act in any given situation. According to John Wilcox and Susan Ebbs‚ in The Leadership
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I believe that the biggest change in healthcare because of the technological advances would be from the joys of the internet. Anytime of day‚ anyone can research any type of illness‚ medicine‚ disease‚ or even doctors. It gives us‚ as consumers and patients‚ a better view on the world‚ what we are taking‚ and who we are being cared for by. This technological advance gives us a better grasp on our health and we can have more of a say in what we put in to our bodies and who to trust to take care of
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in Decision Making Directive Style: A person has this style if they have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are efficient‚ rational‚ and logical in their way of thinking. They focus on the short term and are quick to make decisions‚ usually resulting in a decision that has been made with minimal information and not carefully analyzing other alternatives. Example: When a manager spots the dirt on the window‚ and orders the cleaner to clean the window now‚ that is a directive style decision-making
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Change they say is the only constant thing. It is however a big wonder why many people still resist change even in large institutions. Resistance to change has therefore had a negative connotation because it portrays people avoiding the inevitable and not wanting to improve or face challenges. The essence of this paper is to peel the outward negative layer of resistance to change and dig deeper to reveal how it can be managed and transformed into a positive thing which may avail
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TEAM DECISION MAKING: A KEY FACTOR IN KNOWLEDGE WORK TEAM EFFECTIVENESS Cheryl L. Harris Work teams as a method for doing business in organizations is becoming prevalent throughout the 1990’s. One of the applications of teams is the area of knowledge work‚ where the actual product is knowledge‚ in terms of designs‚ decisions‚ or information. Using work teams in knowledge work is difficult because the goals are often fuzzy and output is difficult to measure. Yet‚ using a team in this setting is
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Group decision making could be analysed as a very complex process whereby individual contributions play a big role in it. Wood et al. (2010) explained that group decision effectiveness equates to individual contributions add group process gains and deduct group process loss. We felt that the decisions made in groups contributed to a major part to mould the behaviour of individuals in future group activities. Hence‚ it is crucial to focus and analyse on the key factors that created effective group
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