Criminology is a field that has been researched prolong. Most of the information explaining crime and delinquency is based on facts about crime (Vold‚ Bernard‚ & Daly 2002‚ p.1). The aim of this paper is to describe the theories of crime and punishment according to the positivists Emile Durkheim and Cesare Lombroso‚ and the classical criminologist Marcese de Beccaria. The theories were developed as a response to the industrialisation and the modernisation of the societies in the 18th and 19th centuries
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The Youth Criminal Justice Act contains non-custodial sentencing options that are not available to adults. State each of these options and argue whether or not they are appropriate for youths and not for adults. Sentencing Option 42 (2) (a) Sentencing option 42(2) under the Youth Criminal Justice Act is to reprimand the young person. Reprimand is a severe reproof or rebuke in this case by a person of authority. -This option is appropriate for the youth than it is for the adults for many reasons
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criminals they also have different guidelines to follow in terms to punishing the inmates. How does sending one person to state or one person to federal prison affect the correctional system altogether? The State of California’s main goal of sentencing is to match the community sanctions with the offender. The types of community sanctions include: Criminal offenders who benefit from prevention services and are at risk of committing more crimes include: juvenile offenders with learning difficulties
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Before looking into the operation of judicial discretion in practice‚ it is necessary to find its definition and an outlook of Judicial structure on sentencing in England and Wales. The concept of discretion‚ that is central to the understanding of the judicial process‚ differs from deciding a question by applying a fixed rule of decision in the way that the decision-maker is able to decide between alternative courses of action. In simple words‚ Judicial Discretion is the authority the law gives
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may object to the sentence”. These mandatory sentencing laws however vary from state to state‚ and in other countries. In 1994 California introduced a policy called “3 strikes you’re out”‚ which meant after a third criminal conviction the arrested person would be sentenced to life in prison (Friedman 109). Soon after California enacted its policy‚ other states and countries also adopted similar policies. Since then other forms of mandatory sentencing have been established for example‚ in Britain
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courtrooms‚ while sentencing options were once largely limited to incarceration and probation. (n.d. State Sentencing Reforms) Significant new sentencing options have become available over the past few decades‚ which are considered intermediate sanctions. Intermediate sanctions employ sentencing alternatives that fall between outright imprisonment and simple probationary release back into the community. They are intended to provide prosecutors‚ judges‚ and corrections officials with sentencing options that
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Three strikes laws have been the subject of extensive debate over whether they are effective. Defendants sentenced to long prison terms under these laws have also sought to challenge these laws as unconstitutional. For instance‚ one defendant was found guilty of stealing $150 worth of video tapes from two California department stores. The defendant had prior convictions‚ and pursuant to California’s three-strike laws‚ the judge sentenced the defendant to 50 years in prison for the theft of the video
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Discriminatory Sentencing What are we having this liberty for? We are having this liberty in order to reform our social system‚ which is full of inequality‚ discrimination and other things‚ which conflict with our fundamental rights.( B. R. Ambedkar). Society itself is very discriminative about race‚ ethnicity and sentencing those minority groups with drug charges against them and the dominant group getting lenient sentencing on the same charges there is also in general sentencing that is unjustified
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likely sufficient to distinguish the outcome of this case from that in Kimbrough. Furthermore‚ nothing in the district court’s explanation of its reasoning‚ as documented in its sentencing order‚ indicates that this case is atypical. In Rita‚ the Court acknowledged that‚ in every case‚ “both the sentencing judge and the Sentencing Commission
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Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century‚ Chapter 11. “Modern sentencing practices are influenced by five goals‚ which weave their way through widely disseminated professional and legal models‚ continuing public calls for sentencing reform.” The five goals of contemporary sentencing are Retribution‚ Incapacitation‚ Deterrence‚ Rehabilitation and Restoration. We are going to discuss what each goal means for sentencing criminals. Retribution a demand for punishment based on a need for vengeance
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