manufacturing or trading‚ require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution‚ when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age‚ most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern
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The Cost of Turnover Putting a Price on the Learning Curve by Timothy R. Hinkin and J.BruceTracey Employee turnover does more than reduce service quality and damage employee moraleit hits a hotels pocketbook. E mployee turnover has long been a concern of the hospitality industry‚ and therefore of researchers who examine industry human-resources concerns. One stream of research that arose in the past 20 years was an effort to quantify the cost of employee turnover. Although most managers
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prevents them from dying. The increasing demand and dependence on medication has led to an increase of the cost and prices of medication to skyrocket into the unaffordable price range. With this soaring costs happening‚ it seems that the pharmaceutical industry is starting to care more about their profits‚ rather than the main focus‚ which is the people of the world. In recent years‚ the cost of certain
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business has to sustain a high level of quality to ensure better business globally. Generally quality control standards for export are set strictly‚ as this business is also holds the prestige of the country‚ whose company is doing the export. Export houses earn foreign exchange for the country‚ so it becomes mandatory to have good quality control of their products. In the garment industry quality control is practiced right from the initial stage of sourcing raw materials to the stage of final finished
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Integrated Delivery Systems in Healthcare The healthcare system has many aspects and sections to its overall operation. When entering the field one is exposed to the business‚ economics ‚ medical‚ and logistical fields of it all. Due to this the system became separated and the communication for a smooth flowing system was diminished. However‚ integrated delivery systems began popping up as a solution to help increase the productivity and efficiency of medical goods and services in correlation to
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different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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Classification of Cost Cost may be classified into different categories depending upon the purpose of classification. Some of the important categories in which the costs are classified are as follows: 1. Fixed‚ Variable and Semi-Variable Costs The cost which varies directly in proportion with every increase or decrease in the volume of output or production is known as variable cost. Some of its examples are as follows: • Wages of laborers • Cost of direct material • Power The cost which does
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lighting control‚ different kinds of alarms‚ etc. - final building automation system has different subsystems which are finally taken to an integrated building management system. The cost of this process is consequently increased due to additional hardware investment. Our main purpose is to provide the end consumer with an economical fully centralized system in which home appliances are managed by I. INTRODUCTION A building automation (BA) system (BAS) deals with monitoring and control of building
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Q1: explicit costs and implicit costs concepts Explicit Cost Explicit cost is defined as the direct payment which is supposed to be made to others while running business. This includes the wages‚ rents or materials which are due in the contract. The explicit cost is the expense done in business which can easily be identified and accounted for in the business at any stage. The explicit cost represents the out flows of cash in clear and obvious terms. When any out flow of credit occurs in a business
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automated processing. Input controls will ensure that data is accurately processed through the application and that no data is added‚ lost‚ or altered during processing (Shu‚ unk). No matter how data enter and information system‚ the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input. There are several key input controls for an input design such as‚ data processing control‚ source document controls‚ validation controls‚ and user interface. Input control includes the necessary measures
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