people of the same race‚ culture‚ gender‚ or religion. Out-groups ◦ Groups in which a person feels he or she does not belong. ◦ For out groups‚ an individual feels contempt‚ opposition‚ or a sense of competition. In group and out group formation and ingroup/out-group bias may affect a number of group phenomena such as prejudice and conflicts between groups. Founder of theory • • • • Howard Giles is a professor of communication at the Department of Communication‚ University of California‚ Santa
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The reason self-esteem is increasing because people are using multiple ways to make themselves feel better. Some ways described in the book are; downward social comparison‚ upward social comparison‚ compensatory self-enhancement‚ discounting‚ external attribution‚ internal attribution and basking in the reflected glory. Downward social comparison is comparing your performance with the performance of someone who is doing even worse than you‚ whereas upward social comparison is surrounding yourself
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Lin‚ Virginia S. Y. Kwan‚ Anna Cheung‚ and Susan T. Fiske. "Stereotype Content Model Explains Prejudice for an Envied Outgroup: Scale of Anti-Asian American Stereotypes." Journal from The Society for Personality and Social Psychology This article‚ which was published January 1‚ 2005‚ focuses on six research studies in order to go in depth on the stigmas and connotations
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Academy of Management Review 2012‚ Vol. 37‚ No. 2‚ 300–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0522 UNDERSTANDING ATTRIBUTIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL IRRESPONSIBILITY DONALD LANGE Arizona State University NATHAN T. WASHBURN Thunderbird School of Global Management Notwithstanding the significance to organizations of external reactions to bad behavior‚ the corporate social responsibility literature tends to focus on the meaning of and expectations for responsible behavior‚ rather than on the meaning
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“A team is a group of individuals who work together to produce products or deliver services for which they are mutually accountable.” (Cohen & Mohrman‚ 1995) Teamwork is used everyday‚ everywhere in business organisations. It is an important way of bringing people together‚ developing stronger bonds between members and quickly tackling large projects. There have been many theorists who have developed conflicting theories regarding the pros and cons of working in teams‚ thus the ageing
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In America racism and prejudice is a controversial topic. Today‚ many people claim that it has become even worse over the past few years and will always exist in society. It is in human nature‚instinct‚ to judge from what’s right and wrong. Some put their judgement into action and others keep it hidden .“To what extent are we all prejudice? How are stereotypes learned? What purpose do they serve? How does knowing this shape your own prejudice?” All humans are prejudice from the day that we are
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A molecular method for identifying Calicophoron infecting cattle in South Africa Lavinia Perumal School of Biological Sciences and Conservation‚ University of KwaZulu-Natal‚ Westville‚ Durban. Email:209512772@ukzn.ac.za Abstract Calicophoron species were collected from the ruminants of cattle from a Kokstad abattoir in South Africa. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of the ribosomal DNA had been used as the genetic marker in this molecular study. In an attempt to identify as
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The Social Identity Theory addresses phenomena such as prejudice‚ discrimination‚ intergroup conflict and stereotyping in terms of personality or interpersonal interactions. Tajfel and Turner (1979) suggested that the differentiation of two groups was enough for the emergence of prejudice. Stereotyping is seen as unfair generalisations about members of a group. It is viewed as problematic and resistent to change. Stereotypes are cognitive representations of how members of a group are similar to one
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1. To ensure that other researchers can repeat their work‚ psychologists use A) control groups. B) random assignment. C) double-blind procedures. D) operational definitions. 2. Well-done surveys measure attitudes in a representative subset‚ or ________‚ of an entire group‚ or ________. A) population; random sample B) control group; experimental group C) experimental group; control group D) random sample; population 3. If shoe size and IQ are negatively correlated‚ which
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With the piecework plans‚ earnings are tied directly to what the individualworker produces‚ and are more appropriate in a manufacturing organization. Commissionsare more appropriate for salespeople in situations where they are largely unsupervised. Ingroup incentive plans like the Scanlon Plan‚ all workers involved in developing andimplementing cost savings share in the benefits of the suggestions.(Pages 440-460) 2.Explain five reasons why incentive plans fail. When incentive plans fail‚ it can be
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