usually reproduce themselves‚ in every other organ of the human body there is a continual turnover of cells‚ some very rapidly replace in hours. The function of the neuron is to transmit impulses from their origin to their destination i.e. to the muscle that controls movements of the legs and cardiac function. The nerve fibres of a neuron are not actually joined together but have a minute gap called synapse and this transmit from one neuron to another and again to the central nervous system which is
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Balance 2. Process of Sensation c. Stimulation of a sensory receptor d. Transduction of the stimulus e. Generation of nerve impulses iii. First-order neurons: from PNS to CNS f. Integration of sensory input 3. Sensory Receptors g. Types iv. Free Nerve Endings: bare dendrites v. Encapsulated Nerve Endings: pressure‚ vibration‚ some touch vi. Separate Cells: specialized 1. Hair cells for hearing and equilibrium
Free Sensory system Sense Action potential
At rest‚ a nerve cell maintains a difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane. This difference in charge is continued by three factors. Firstly‚ in the cell membrane‚ there are sodium potassium ‘pumps’ crossing the membrane which are proteins that bring 2 potassium ions into the cell‚ for every 3 sodium ions it pumps out. As well as this‚ there are protein channels which allow potassium ions in the cell to flow out via facilitated diffusion. Potassium diffuses out
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Alcoholic neuropathy defines the nerve disorder associated with excessive alcohol consumption. Nerve function is reduced‚ it is believed‚ by the toxins in alcohol and nutritional deficiencies. Normal symptoms for alcoholic neuropathy include lack of sensation‚ tingling‚ frail ankles and muscles and burning feet. Diarrhea‚ nausea/vomiting‚ constipation‚ incontinence of the bladder and impotence in men are some other symptoms. However‚ in severe cases of alcoholic neuropathy‚ major damage is done
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effects that numerous hormones and drugs have on the sample ileum’s nerves and relate this to the human autonomic nervous system. The objectives include observing the change in contractions during different levels of stimulation and inhibition‚ such as that from different voltages and alpha/beta blockers. A. RESPONSES TO NERVE STIMULATION Figure 1.0 Spontaneous contractions of rabbit ileum
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muscle contraction Introduction For a skeletal muscle fiber to contract‚ a stimulus must be applied to it. The stimulus is delivered by a nerve cell‚ or neuron. A neuron has a threadlike process called and axon that my run 91 cm or more to a muscle. A bundle of such fibers from man different neurons composes a nerve. A neuron that stimulates muscle tissue is called a motor neuron. The motor neuron branches into terminal structures called telodendria that come into close approximation with
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Unit 9 Assignment 2 Chun Ho Yeung What is homeostasis? Homeostasis refers to maintaining the internal environment such as temperature‚ pH‚ blood pressure‚ blood sugar levels and fluid balance within a narrow range to ensure that cells can perform their best functions in an optimal environment‚ and to maintaining a constant relationship with the external environment. Although the external environment is changing‚ the human body can still maintain a stable internal environment and maintain the dynamic
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A ’tropism’ is a growth in response to a stimulus. Plants grow towards sources of water and light‚ which they need to survive and grow. Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tips and roots‚ which controls the direction of growth. Plant hormones are used in weedkillers‚ rooting powder and to control fruit ripening. Tropisms The direction of plant growth Plants need light and water for photosynthesis. They have developed responses called tropisms to help make sure they grow towards sources
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inner ear. The vibrations cause the cochlea to vibrate moving the fluid that fills the tube. This motion causes ripples that in turn bend the hair cells lining the surface of the basilar membrane. This causes impulses in the nerve cells that form the auditory nerve which sends the impulses to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. If we were applying Hermann von Helmholtz’s pitch theory we would reason that the bark came in and registered on a part of the cochlea that that corresponds to that
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damage to tiny hair cells in a part of your inner ear called the cochlea. These hair cells usually pick up the vibrations of sounds and send them to the brain through the auditory nerve. When they’re damaged‚ sound can’t reach that nerve. A cochlear implant skips the damaged hair cells and sends signals to the auditory nerve directly. A hearing aid sends sound vibrations entering the ear. Surviving hair cells detect the larger vibrations and changes them into neural signals that are passed along to
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