analyse cations and anions and other elements present in the given samples. The physical and chemical `properties will be observed for the different samples.Principles behind the qualitative analysis are the le chatelier’s principle and the common ion effect. Le chatelier’s principle states that if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a change of concentration‚ temperature or pressure‚ the equilibrium shifts in a direction that tends to undo the effect of change imposed. If to an ionic equilibrium
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atoms. 3. What is a chemical bond? Discuss the differences between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. Any of several forces‚ especially the ionic bond‚ covalent bond‚ and metallic bond‚ by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds between two ions with opposite charges‚ characteristic of salts. Covalent bonds are chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons‚ especially pairs of electrons‚ between atoms. 4. What are valence electrons
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Act Practice Test SCIENCE TEST 35 Minutes—40 Questions DIRECTIONS: There are seven passages in this test. Each passage is followed by several questions. After reading a passage‚ choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test. Passage I Metamorphic rocks form when temperature and/or pressure cause changes in preexisting
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CHEM 1105 Experiment 4: Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction When atoms of one element combine with those of another‚ the combining ratio is typically an integer or a simple fraction. The simplest formula of a compound expresses that atom ratio. When two or more elements are present in a compound‚ the formula still indicates the atom ratio. To find the formula of a compound we need to find the mass of each of the elements in a weighed sample of that compound. For example‚
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HOW DOES THE SOLUBILITY OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCL) AND POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) IN WATER VARY WITH TEMPERATURE? AIM To observe solubilities of KCl and KI with water at different temperatures To compare the two solubility curves and discuss what might vary the solubility of different ionic compounds. THE VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLE Temperature INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Amount of solute (KCl‚ KI) CONSTANTS Amount of the solvent (water)‚ pressure APPARATUS 100G OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 100G
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2I– 2Br– + I2 (1) 1 [4] 3. add AgNO3/Ag+ (to a solution of the food) (1) Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) AgCl(s) (1) degree of cloudiness/whiteness/intensity indicates relative quantity (1) sodium ion content needs to be determined as well (1) [4] 4. (i) S (1) 1 (ii) Al (1) 1 (iii) B (1) 1 (iv) Ca (1) 1 (v) K (1) 1 (vi)
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Unit 1 0 . COORDINATION CHEMISTRY Factors t hat affect solubility: Common ion: decrease in solubility Complex ion: increase in solubility How does complex ion formation increase solubility? Consider the complex ion formation between silver and ammonia: + Ag + 2NH3 A g(NH3 )2 + Kf = 1 .5 x 10 7 where Kf i s the formation constant (always >1 ‚ formation of the complex is highly favorable) Complex ion formation increases the solubility of sol ids in water. Example: Calculate
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Periodic Classification of Elements Classification of Elements according to electron configuration ( type of subshell being filled) *valence electrons –outer electrons of atom which are those involved in chemical bonding ; accounts for similarities in chemical behavior among elemens within each of this groups * Representative elements/ Main Group elements * Group 1A-7A * Incompletely filled s/ p subshells * Display a wide range of physical and chemical properties
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the cation first) b. Take only one of the second cation(s) and match it with one of the first anion(s). (Write the cation first) KCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ( KNO3 +PbCl 2. Correct the formulas of the products based on the charges of the ions. KCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ( KNO3 +PbCl2 ◄ 3. Balance the equation 2 KCl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) ( 2 KNO3 +PbCl2 4. Consult the solubility rules and assign the correct state symbol annotations. This should agree with any observations
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* . Introduction Endothermic reactions are accompanied by the absorption of heat. The dissolving of ammonium nitrate in water is an example of an endothermic reaction. The solution resulting from this mixture is colder than either the ammonium nitrate or the water. This is the simple explanation of what happens in an instant ice pack. The more detailed information will be discussed in the following paragraphs. Cold Packs Most cold packs come with a fabric cover made to absorb condensation and
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