crackles Who shall be considered as having community-acquired Pneumonia? Beyond 12 years of ages are the presence of the following features: y Fever‚ tachypnea‚ and tachycardia y At least one abnormal chest findings of diminished breathing sounds‚ ronchi‚ crackles or wheezes Tachypnea is still the best predictor of pneumonia Who will require admission? A patient who is at moderate to high risk to develop pneumonia-related mortality should be admitted A patient who is
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think. It involves the use of 3 main muscles‚ the diaphragm‚ and the internal and external intercostal muscles‚ which lye between and behind the ribs. The chest cavity is naturally sealed‚ so when the volume of the chest cavity expands‚ the pressure drops. This increase in volume is achieved through the contraction of the diaphragm muscle and the external intercostal muscles contract while the internal intercostal muscles relax to physically expand the chest cavity up and outward. This creates a lower
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used to measure multiple physiologic variables and phases of sleep. This involves the use of certain equipment which allows the polysomnographist to measure natural body functions such as brain waves‚ muscle tension‚ air flow‚ oxygen saturation‚ breathing effort‚ as well as heart rate and rhythm. Electrocorticography (EEG) is a technique which records cortical electrical potentials directly from the brain‚ which serves to pinpoint physiologic changes in
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(b) Can you hear the casualty breathing? (c) Can you feel the casualty breathing? (d) Regular & full = Normal (e) Labored‚ shallow‚ rapid‚ or irregular or absent = Abnormal (2) Assist ventilations if abnormal breathing Assess circulation (1) Does the casualty have a pulse? (a) Palpate and compare the carotid and radial pulse in the adult
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respiratory system. 9.4 Mechanism of Breathing 1. Contrast the processes of inspiration and expiration during ventilation. 2. Define the terms tidal volume‚ vital capacity‚ and residual volume in relation to ventilation. 3. Summarize the purpose of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes. 9.5 Control of Ventilation 1. Explain how the nervous system controls the process of breathing. 2. Explain the role of chemoreceptors and pH levels in regulating breathing rate. 9.6 Gas Exchanges in
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CARDIO Tendon xanthomata: deposition of yellowish cholesterol rich material in the tendons‚ asociared with hyperlipidaemia. Eg on knuckles Xanthelasma: cholesterol deposits around the eyes. Corneal Arcus: deposition of cholesterol/lipid in the cornea. CRP : acute phase of protein produced predominantly by the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines Chest Pain on Xray: evidence of another cause of chest pain such as air in the mediastinum (oesophageal rupture) or aortic dissection
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The clinical treatments described and recommended in this publication are based on research and consultation with nursing‚ medical‚ and legal authorities. To the best of our knowledge‚ these procedures reflect currently accepted practice. Nevertheless‚ they can’t be considered absolute and universal recommendations. For individual applications‚ all recommendations must be considered in light of the patient’s clinical condition and‚ before administration of new or infrequently used drugs‚
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an increase in the depth of breathing. Your muscles need more oxygen during exercise because they need to produce more energy to work for longer periods of time. Without an increase in oxygen the muscles will try to produce energy through the anaerobic energy system. But this won’t work long term. Before you begin exercising you get a small rise in breathing rate and this is called anticipatory rise. When you begin exercising there is a noticeable increase in breathing rate and after a few minutes
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1. Name the circulatory system that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Correct: pulmonary circulation 2. Name the circulatory system that provides blood to the tissues in the body. Correct: systemic circulation 1. Name the structure that is a double fold of peritoneum between the lesser curvature of the stomach and liver. Correct: Lesser omentum 2. Name the structure that is a double fold of peritoneum and holds the colon to the abdominal wall.
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however. In addition to abdominal hernias‚ there are femoral hernias (upper thigh near the groin)‚ umbilical hernias (intestine poking through the belly button area)‚ diaphragmatic hernia (one of your abdominal organs moves upward into your chest because of a weakness in the diaphragm)‚ hiatial hernia (like the diaphragmatic hernia‚ but the stomach pushes up through a space in the diaphragm called the hiatus)‚ inguinal hernia (in the groin area)‚ lumbar hernia (intestines or abdominal organs
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