Human Anatomy and Physiology 260 - Midterm 1 Cardiovascular Anatomy Arteries: • Carry Blood from the heart to the tissues • Gradually decreasing in size of vessels o Arteries - Transportation of red blood cells away from the heart o Arterioles - Smaller‚ lead from the arteries to the capollaries o Capillaries - Gas exchange (tissue level) • 3 layers of wall: o 1. Tunica Adventitia (Tough outer layer) o 2. Turnica media (Middle smooth muscular layer‚ changes the diameter of the blood
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The human respiratory system is one of the chief and most important which is very instrumental for survival. Prime function of the respiratory system is breathing. Inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide is all that takes plays by function of the respiratory organs. Breathing is a process by which oxygen in the air is brought in to the lungs and further in to close contact with blood. The blood absorbs the oxygen and carries to all parts of the body. Simultaneously blood gives up waste matter
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Inhalation (Breathing in) As you inhale‚ your diaphragm contracts or tightens and moves downward and this lead to increases the space in your chest cavity which causes your lungs to expand. The intercostal muscles that are found between your ribs helps with enlarge the chest cavity as they contract which pulls your rib cage both upward and outward as you inhale. The expandation of your lungs causes the air to be breathed in through your nose or mouth. The air goes down your windpipe and into lungs
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addition to supplying oxygen‚ carbon dioxide needs to be removed in order to prevent the buildup of this waste product in the body tissues. As breathing is the act or process of respiration‚ it consists of two phases‚ inspiration and expiration. During inspiration‚ the diaphragm moves downward increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity‚ and the intercostal muscles contract‚ which makes the rib cage move upward and forward increasing the volume of the lungs. The increase in pressure inside the lungs
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QUESTION: Have you ever had the experience of getting nervous breakdown during examination? If so‚ explain the process in order to avoid a nervous breakdown during exams. No matter how much we do to prevent it‚ exams are almost always going to be accompanied by stress. One of the reasons that cause the students felt stress and getting nervous breakdown during examination is the students afraid of not being capable to revise all the important material before the exam and the anxious
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detected to get it back to its normal range. Change is detected by the receptors it can be any internal organ‚ then a message is sent to the brain which is the control centre then the effectors would react to get it back to normal. • Heart rate • Breathing rate • Body temperature • Blood glucose level Homeostatic control of heart rate Role internal receptors Internal receptors detect change in blood pressure. For example when doing exercise‚ our heart rate speeds up‚ the change is detected
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in the lungs. In the lungs the pleural membrane facilitates breathing. The bronchioles end in microscopic alveoli lined by a thin‚ moist epithelium. The alveoli is the primary site of gas exchange. Branches of the pulmonary arteries send oxygen poor blood to the alveoli; branches of the pulmonary veins transport oxygen rich blood from the alveoli back to the heart. Inspiration (the process of inhaling) begins as the external intercostals and diaphragm contract. When this happens‚ the lungs expand
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exiting the body through the nose returns moisture and heat to the nasal cavity before being exhaled into the environment. Mouth The mouth‚ also known as the oral cavity‚ is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Most normal breathing takes place through the nasal cavity‚ but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity’s functions when needed. Because the pathway of air entering the body from the mouth is shorter than the pathway for air entering from
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in pulmonary capillaries and breathing which is largely an involuntary activity. When breathing in (inhaling) intercostal muscles between the ribs contract‚ pulling the chest walls up and outwards. The diaphragm muscle below the lungs contracts and flattens‚ increasing the size of the chest (rib cage expands). The lungs increase in size‚ so the pressure inside them falls and enables air to rush in through the nose and mouth. When breathing out (exhaling) intercostal muscles between the ribs relax
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Chapter 4 Exchange Background e-Learning Objectives Exchange surfaces All of the cells in your body need constant supplies of oxygen and nutrients‚ and need to get rid of waste materials‚ such as carbon dioxide‚ that are produced in their metabolic reactions. These substances are obtained from‚ or released to‚ the external environment‚ through your body’s surface. Cells and organisms have problems of scale to solve as they get bigger. As an organism gets Cube with 1 cm sides bigger‚ both its
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