MODULE 1: THE CHEMICAL EARTH 3.1.1: Elements in Earth are present mostly as compounds because of interactions at the atomic level * Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. Exists in three different states: solid (s)‚ liquid (l) and gas (g) The Particle Theory: “All matter is made up of small‚ indivisible particles called atoms that are continuously moving” | Solid | Liquid | Gas | Particle
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Properties of Different Bonds An ionic compound forms from a nonmetal and metal element. A covalent compound is formed by two non metal elements. A metallic compound is formed by two metal elements. Metallic compounds have generally high melting points‚ are loose and flexible with their electrons‚ conduct electricity well‚ and have low solubility in water. Ionic compounds are generally crystals‚ have a high melting point‚ and usually have high solubility in water and conduct electricity well when
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words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Fill in this table: Ionic Compound Ratio of ions in compound Sodium chloride Na+ : Cl1:1 Magnesium oxide Formula of compound Covalent MgO Ca2+: Cl1:2 CaCl2 Metallic Fill in this table of more complicated ions: Name of ion Formula of ion Calcium hydroxide‚ Ca(OH)2 hydroxide NO3CO32Suphate Example of compound Mg(NO3)2 Sodium carbonate CaSO4 KEY WORDS: Electronic structure Covalent bonding Ionic bonding Proton Electron Ion Giant structure
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following is a correct Lewis structure for nitrous acid‚ HNO2? 3. The central atom in PH3 is surrounded by a) three single bonds and no lone pairs of electrons. b) three single bonds and one lone pair of electrons. c) three single bonds and two lone pairs of electrons. d) two single bonds‚ one double bond‚ and no lone pairs of electrons. e) two single bonds‚ one double bond‚ and one lone pair of electrons. 4. One resonance structure for OCN- ion is drawn below. What is the formal charge on each
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know this! * Be able to name the five types of bonds (covalent (2 types)‚ ionic and weak chemical bonds (2 types)). What needs to happen for each of these bonds to be created? For example‚ for a covalent bond electrons must be shared equally between two elements and these elements will share unpaired valence electrons. Polar covalent unequal sharing of electrons‚ nonpolar covalent equal sharing of electrons‚ ionic transfer of electrons‚ H-bond between H and O/N/F inter- or intra-molecularly because
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1. Question : Richard was observing black swallowtail butterflies in the field. Which one of these is an observation he made about a black swallowtail butterfly? The black swallowtail laid its eggs on a parsley plant. Question 2. Question : The most valid and reliable test of the hypothesis‚ more pine seeds germinate after a forest fire‚ would include an experimental group of pine seeds that was recovered from a fire area and pine seeds that were — tolerant of fire. Question 3
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Ionic Reactions Results B - Do your results agree with your expectations from the solubility rules/table? Our results seemed to largely agree with the established solubility rules/table; however‚ a few reactions with the commonality of being mixed with Co(NO3)2 (cobalt nitrate) [reference Row A‚ Columns 2‚ 3‚ and 4] seemed to have such a pale pink tone that it was difficult to decide whether that could have been a precipitate or the lighting in the area where the experiment took place. Ultimately
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1. Polar molecules A. have bonds with an unequal distribution of electric charge. B. must form ions in water solution. C. have bonds with an equal distribution of electrical charge. D. have bonds with an overall negative charge. E. have bonds with an overall positive charge. Correct See Section 2.2: How Do Atoms Bond to Form Molecules? Points Earned: 1/1 Correct Answer: A Your Response: A 2. Hydrocarbons are _______ and _______‚ whereas salts are _______ and _______. A. nonpolar;
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operates in a vacuum b. it can magnify the specimen 500‚000 times c. it has the resolving power needed d. light cannot penetrate membranes 4. Polar covalent bonds: a. are found in molecules like CH4 b. account for the interaction among water molecules c. are found in hydrophobic molecules d. are a variant of an ionic bond 5. Responsible for cell movements in eukaryotic cells: a. ribosomes b. lysosomes c. cytoskeleton d. chloroplasts e. Golgi apparatus 6. An organelle/structure
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bus 9.2 – Production of Materials: Δ. Construct word and balanced formulae equations of all chemical reactions as they are encountered in this module: • Basic reactions to remember: – Acid reactions: ▪ acid + base [pic] salt + water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) [pic]NaCl(s) + H2O(l) ▪ acid + metal [pic] salt + hydrogen gas HCl(aq) + Mg(s)[pic]MgCl2(s) + H2 (g) ▪ acid + carbonate [pic] salt + carbon dioxide gas + water HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s)[pic] CaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O
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