A. MATTER * Nature of matter. * Describe the states of matter and explain their conversion in terms of the kinetic particle theory. * Describe and explain diffusion. * Describe dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass‚ qualitatively. * Experimental techniques Measurement. * Name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time‚ temperature‚ mass and volume‚ including burettes‚ pipettes and measuring cylinders. Criteria of purity. * Identify substances
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1.1 INTRODUCTION Chemical bonding – the force of attraction between the two atoms Valence electron – the outer most shell electrons There are three types of chemical bonding i. Ionic bond: ________________________________________ ii. Covalent bond: _____________________________________ iii. Dative Covalent bond: _______________________________ 1.1.1 LEWIS DOT SYMBOL A shorthand to represent the valence electron of an atom. The element symbol
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Atom Bonding Lab Introduction: Atoms bond in covalent bonds and ionic bonds. A covalent bond is when atoms share electrons in order to gain stability with each other (Larsen). To have stability which each other‚ the atoms share electrons so that their outer electron shell is equal. Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions (Larsen‚ 2010). Element that have a positive ion are able to bond
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University Purpose The aim of this experiment is to investigate the properties of several substances with the purpose of determining whether they are molecular‚ ionic‚ macromolecular or metallic. Introduction Chemical substances could be named ionic‚ molecular or metallic substance‚ based on the kind of bond present in it. Solid ionic compound is composed of ions‚ which are held together by large electrostatic forces. Bonding in molecular substance is caused by the sharing of electrons by atoms
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4 – Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bond Model Study Questions Each question is worth 0.2 points. Total assignment is worth 5 points. 1. Describe the characteristics of ionic compounds and of molecular compounds. Ionic compounds have high melting points and conduct electricity well while covalent molecules have lower melting points and will not conduct electricity in a liquid state. 2. What types of particles are present as ionic bonds? Molecular compounds? Ionic bonding occurs between charged
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December 19th‚ 2012 Ms. Kathleen Sylva Head Researcher Ceramic Artisans Dear Ms. Sylva‚ In ionic and covalent bonds‚ there are many properties that make up each bond. Ionic bonds between a metal and a nonmetal are stronger than covalent bonds‚ have high melting and boiling points‚ and can conduct electricity in water. This is because the electrons are transferred‚ completing the valence electron shell and making the atom stable. Covalent bonds between nonmetals have weaker bonds‚ low melting
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Ionic Bonding Puzzle Lab Introduction When metals and non-metals chemically react‚ the atoms will tend to form ions or charged atoms. Ions form because electrons are either gained or lost. Metals will generally form cations or positive ions‚ since they tend to donate electrons Non-metals will form anions or negative ions‚ since they tend to accept electrons. Activity In this activity you will create models of ionic compounds and observe the chemical formula of the binary molecules you
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MODULE 1: THE CHEMICAL EARTH 3.1.1: Elements in Earth are present mostly as compounds because of interactions at the atomic level * Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting Matter: anything that has mass and occupies space. Exists in three different states: solid (s)‚ liquid (l) and gas (g) The Particle Theory: “All matter is made up of small‚ indivisible particles called atoms that are continuously moving” | Solid | Liquid | Gas | Particle
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Current‚ Voltage and Power * Electricity is the flow of electric charge. We can describe the flow of electric charge in several ways. These include the quantities Current‚ Voltage and Power. Current * Current (I) is the rate of flow of Charge Carriers‚ such as electrons. Current is usually thought of as moving in the direction of positive charge‚ so from the positive power supply to the negative. However‚ since in metals it is electrons that carry electric charge‚ the actually flow is opposite
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electronegativity difference between them‚ and the type of chemical bond it represents. If the bond is ionic‚ state what ions are produced. If the bond is polar covalent‚ indicate the direction of the dipole on the symbols from the first part. a) KCl Electronegativity difference = K - Cl = 0.8 - 3.0 = 2.2 ionic bond K1+ Cl1- b) LiBr Electronegativity difference = Li - Br = 1.0 - 2.8 = 1.8 ionic bond Li1+ Br1- [pic] c) HI Electronegativity difference =
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