IDA- Psychology Unit 3 (Relationships‚ eating and aggression) 25 mark essays Specimen paper Relationships: Outline one or more theories relating to the formation and/or maintenance of relationships (9marks) Evaluate one of the theories outlined above with particular emphasis on the nature of relationships in different cultures (16 marks) Issue 1. Cultural bias: The models have developed due to western studies. 2. Sensitive research topic so people may lie about their relationship.
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Evaluate critically theories of aggression that seek to explain why negative responses often occur in sporting situations. Use practical examples for the theories you evaluate. The instinct theory of aggression states that aggression is natural and involves innate tendencies that are stable and enduring‚ meaning they are difficult to modify. It proposes the idea that aggression is a result of survival instinct to protect or survive. Aggression is said to occur in high arousal situations where stressful
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that nature overpowers nurture and that you are who you are because you cannot be anything else but that nurture also shapes your innate personality characteristics into the person you currently are. First of all‚ child development is down to both nature and nurture. According to Bowlby’s (1969) theory of attachment‚ the mother and child develop a bond because of the innate instinct to ensure
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learning theory as an explanation of aggression (24 marks) The social learning theory states that aggressive behaviour is learnt rather than it being innate. It is first learnt through observation meaning there has to be ability to copy or model the behaviour of the role model. The child must have high self-efficacy to know they will get what they want after portraying the aggressive behaviour. The behaviour must be reinforced through operant conditioning for the aggression for it then to be passed on to
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Aggression Behaving in a way that intentionally inflicts harm or injury onto another person. Social Psychological explanations SLT- Bandura Aggression is learnt through imitation and observation and is maintained if it is reinforced. The model should be powerful‚ similar and nurturing in order to influence the child. The model should also be seen to be rewarded. 4 stages: Attention- a person has to pay attention to the behaviour of the model Retention- the behaviour must be remembered
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medicalization of social behaviour and diverts thoughts away from social and economic conditions (Wasserman & Wachbroit‚ 2001). Criminal behaviour usually involves aggression; this can be defined as actions or intentions to harm someone else. These actions however‚ do not have to involve physical harm. Nevertheless aggression does usually result in violence which can lead to physical contact and harm. This paper will discuss why the genetic approach has the
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biological model which demonstrates the role of testosterone in males in increasing aggression. The theory is that testosterone levels have evolved to be higher in males due to their role of hunters and that this is what causes their increased levels of aggression. For example evidence by Beeman showed that castrated male rats became passive but when injected with testosterone they reverted to high levels of territorial aggression. However much of the research on testosterone is based on animal studies
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| | The topic I have chosen to discuss is the role that media violence plays in aggression children‚ specifically as related to Bandura’s experiments. Albert Bandura believes that most of human behavior is learned by observing a model or simply another person‚ which affects a child’s view of how this new behavior can be developed and ultimately believing that this new attained behavior is a guide for their actions. One notable experiment that helped to shed light on children being more susceptible
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vicarious punishment of the model’s behaviour. An observer will more likely reproduce the actions of a model whose characteristics they find attractive or desirable. An observer can acquire a behaviour while not performing it‚ preferring to utilize the learnt behaviour at an appropriate time. Observational learning can be processed as modelling particular patterns of behaviours and learning emotional responses such as fear‚ anxiety or pleasure. Observational learning occurs through four processes attention
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PSYCHOANALITIC THERAPY Psychoanalytic theories describe normative social and emotional development and explain individual development pathways and variations from this norm. Sigmund Freud was the originator of psychoanalysis. His views have influence the views of most of the contemporary theories. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences‚ to make the unconscious conscious. Psychoanalysis divides the personality in three systems: Id: is the
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