produces movement and different types of contraction.(M3) Sliding filament theory. Each muscle fibre is made up of smaller fibres called myofibrils. These contain even smaller structures called actin which is a thin‚ contractile protein filament‚ containing ’active’ or ’binding’ sites and myosin filaments which are a thick‚ contractile protein filament‚ with Myosin Heads. These filaments slide in and out between each other to form a muscle contractions‚ this is why it is known as the sliding filament
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of muscle contraction. (understand what occurs at each event) -Know the difference between repolarization vs depolarization -Know the Three ways to generate ATP in skeletal muscle fiber: phosphagen system‚ anaerobic cellular respiration‚ aerobic cellular respiration -Understand oxygen debt -Know the difference between slow and fast twitch fibers -Know the difference between Oxidative fibers & Glycolytic fibers -Know the difference in Isometric contraction and Isotonic contraction -Know the
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titled: “Computer Graphing Using Microsoft Excel®” for help with this process. 2. Graph all three sets of data on one graph. Label the three muscles on the graph. Then‚ graph each muscle set on three separate graphs. Label the latent period‚ contraction phase and relaxation phase on the three separate graphs. Connect the dots of the scatter plot graph to make a line graph for each muscle. Data Table 1A: Muscle twitch of the lateral rectus eye muscle|| Time (milliseconds)|Tension (kilogram-force)|
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Dynamic contraction Dynamic contraction refers to a contraction where movement is involved. An example is lifting of a dumbbell from either side to the shoulder. Static contraction‚ on the other hand‚ refers to a contraction where no movement is involved. Concentric and Eccentric A concentric contraction is a way of using the body’s muscles for physical tasks. A concentricmuscle contraction is a very common kind of muscle contraction. It is part of many basic physical exercises and everyday
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Muscle Physiology Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so‚ list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Refer to the appendix of this manual if you need a tutorial on how to make graphs in Microsoft Excel®. Exercise 1: Muscle Twitch Data Table 1A: Muscle Twitch of Rectus Data Table 1B: Muscle Twitch of Lateralis Eye Muscle Quadriceps Femoris Time (milliseconds) Tension (kilogram-force)
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Biomechanics of Injury: Notes Sports injuries are divided into two categories: Acute and Chronic Acute Injury Acute injuries occur suddenly when playing or exercising. E.g. sprained ankles‚ strained back and fractured hands are acute injuries. Signs of acute injury include: Sudden severe pain Swelling Inability to place weight on a lower limb Extreme tenderness in an upper limb Inability to move a joint through full range of motion Extreme limb weakness Visible dislocation/break
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not? No‚ because it will contract and then relax if needed or to get accustomed Multiple Stimulus Activity 4: Treppe 1. What do you observe? The peak rose higher each time Activity 5: Summation 1. What is the active force of the contraction? 1.62 gms 2. What is the active force now? 2.51 gms 3. Was there any change in the force generated by the muscle? Yes‚ 1.91 gms 4. Was there any change in the force generated by the muscle? Yes‚ 2.65 gms 5. Why has the force changed
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all-or-none principle? Why or why not? Yes be Multiple Stimulus Activity 4: Treppe 1. What do you observe? The Trace rise and fall‚ while the force in grams increased. Activity 5: Summation 1. What is the active force of the contraction? 1.83 gms 2. What is the active force now? 2.77 gms 3. Was there any change in the force generated by the muscle? No 4. Was there any change in the force generated by the muscle? Yes 5. Why has the force changed? 6. Do you see the
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8. Isotonic contraction (“same tone” or tension) - In isotonic contractions‚ myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements‚ the muscle shortens‚ and movement occurs. Contractions in which the muscles do not shorten are called isometric contractions (“same measurement” or length). In isometric contractions‚ the myosin mysofilaments are “skidding their wheels‚” and the twnaion in the muscle keeps increasing. 9. Muscle tone is a state of continuous partial contractions. Muscle tone
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twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow‚ smooth‚ sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically understand the relationships between passive‚ active‚ and total forces. 6. To identify the conditions under which muscle contraction is isometric or isotonic. 7. To describe in terms of length and force the transitions between isometric and isotonic conditions during a single muscle twitch. 8. To describe the effects of resistance and starting
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