Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Introduction Nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides can proceed by two different mechanisms – the SN2 and the SN1. The purpose of the experiment was to identify the effects that the alkyl group and the halide-leaving group have on the rates of SN1 reactions‚ and the effect that the solvent has on the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions. The SN1 mechanism is a two-step nucleophilic substitution‚ or unimolecular displacement. In the first step of the mechanism
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Iodide Observation 1: + Add 2 drops of starch Observation 2: A3 KI Potassium Iodide Pb(NO3)2 Lead Nitrate A4 NaOH Sodium Hydroxide C20H14O4 Phenolphthalein A5 HCl Hydrochloric Acid C20H14O4 Phenolphthalein A6 NaOH Sodium Hydroxide AgNO3 Silver Nitrate B1 AgNO3 Silver Nitrate NH4OH Aqueous Ammonia Observation 1: + Absorb in paper towel and expose to sunlight Observation 2: B2 NH4OH Aqueous Ammonia CuSO4 Copper Sulfate Questions A. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium
Free Chemical reaction Hydrochloric acid Sodium bicarbonate
remained clear on the white background‚ but when placed on the black background the mixture appeared cloudy. I expected when mixed w/an acid it would turn yellow and w/ a base it would turn blue. | B-2 | NaOH and AgNO3 | The mixture turned a cloudy brown color. | Paper Towel | AgNO3 and NH3 | After exposing the mixture to a 60 watt
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1 drop of starch| || G.|KI + Pb(NO3)2| H6|Bright yellow | H.|NaOH + phenolphthalein| H5|Violet red color; mixture rose slightly and sank back to its level| I.|HCl + phenolphthalein| H4|Turned cloudy and white in color| J.|NaOH + AgNO3| H3|Brown| K.|AgNO3 + NH3| |The solution on the paper towel did not change in color even after exposure to bright light for 3 minutes.| |after exposure to bright light| || L.|NH3 and CuSO4| |Overlooked this solution and was not able to do it| Part F:
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Physical and Chemical Change Objective: Recognize and distinguish between chemical and physical changes. Materials: - lab balance - microspatula - lab burner - dropper pipet - 5 test tubes - mortar and pestle - test tube rack - magnet - test tube holder - insulating pad - watch glass - safety goggles - glass square - lab apron or coat - copper sulfate pentahydrate - iron fillings - sodium chloride - magnesium ribbon - hydrochloric acid - paper
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green. F-1 Kl and Pb(NO3)2 Very yellow and dense looking. G-1 NaOH and phenolphthalein Reaction was a purplish/pink color H-1 HCl and phenolphthalein Nothing happened‚ no reaction‚ remained colorless A-2 NaOH and AgNO3¬ Muddy brown in color‚ almost grit-like appearance B-2 AgNO3¬ and NH3 Nothing seemed to happen‚ no reaction‚ but when placed on a paper towel and exposed to sunlight‚ the paper turned rust colored‚ with some silvery areas. The paper towel was also extremely stiff. C-3 NH3 and
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Determination of Cations and Anions through Elimination and Confirmation Tests By: Symantha Resendiz Introduction A topic of great importance to all scientists is the identification of compounds‚ which is relevant in all aspects of their work in some way shape or form. Weather it may be determining what is causing sickness or what is polluting the air‚ it is very prevalent in the science world. In project 2‚ identification of cations and anions was preformed through a series of confirmation
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commercial reagent‚ at 90% (w/w) purity and specific gravity of 1.84. (answer : 59.18 mL) (Oct 2007) c) 250 mL 50 ppm of AgNO3 from the solid chemical (answer : 0.0125 g) d) 500 mL 6.5% (w/v) aqueous ethanol (answer : 32.5 g) e) 0.1 L 6.0 M H3PO4 from a commercial reagent‚ at 85% (w/w) purity and specific gravity of 1.69 (answer : 40.95 mL) (Oct 2008) f) 400 mL 0.080 M of AgNO3 from the solid chemical (answer : 5.44g) + g) 500 mL 100 ppm Ag from pure reagent solid silver nitrate (answer :
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Solutions of Anions: Sodium chloride‚ NaCl‚ 0.2 M Sodium bromide‚ NaBr‚ 0.2 M Potassium iodide‚ KI‚ 0.2 M Sodium sulfate‚ Na2SO4‚ 0.2 M Sodium carbonate‚ Na2CO3‚ 0.2 M Sodium nitrate‚ NaNO3‚ 0.2 M Test Reagents: Silver nitrate‚ AgNO3‚ 0.1 M Ammonia‚ NH3‚ 6 M Nitric acid‚ HNO3‚ 6 M Potassium permanganate‚ KMnO4‚ 0.1 M Mineral oil Sodium hydroxide‚ NaOH‚ 6 M Barium hydroxide‚ Ba(OH)2‚ saturated Barium chloride‚ BaCl2‚ 0.1 M Acetic acid‚ HC2H3O2‚ 6 M
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Then 0.1 M AgNO3 was added until a precipitate formed with less than 5 drops. Then to each of the solutions that a precipitate formed‚ 6 M HNO3 was added to see whether or not the precipitate stayed. Then 10 drops of chloride solution was placed into a centrifuge tube. Then 10 drops of 6 M HNO3 was added. Then 5 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3 was added and the solution was centrifuged for 2 minutes. Then the supernatant was discarded
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