preponderance of probability’ ( Miller v Minister of Pensions (1947)). Even where Annie is alleging matters that would amount to the criminal offence of arson‚ she does not have to prove them beyond reasonable doubt. In Hornal v Neuberger Products Ltd (1957)‚ the plaintiff was sold a lathe by the defendants. One of their directors was alleged to have stated falsely that the machine had been reconditioned by a named firm. Had this representation been made by the director with knowledge of its
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Navigate * Activity-Based Costing (Encyclopedia of Management) * Activity-Based Costing (Encyclopedia of Small Business) Activity-Based Costing * Print * PDF * Cite * Activity-based costing (ABC) is an accounting method that allows businesses to gather data about their operating costs. Costs are assigned to specific activitiesuch as planning‚ engineering‚ or manufacturingnd then the activities are associated with different products or services. In this way‚ the
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MARGINAL AND ABSORPTION COSTING Marginal costing is a technique in which production units are valued at marginal cost of production and fixed costs are written off as period costs. It follows that‚ stocks are valued using only the variable cost of production whereas fixed costs are treated as relating to the period and must be taken off in total. Management accounting is based on marginal costing. TERMINOLOGY USED. Gross contribution: Is the difference between sales value and variable costs
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VARIABLE COSTING Learning Objectives 1. Explain the accounting treatment of fixed manufacturing overhead under absorption and variable costing. 2. Prepare an income statement under absorption costing. 3. Prepare an income statement under variable costing. 4. Reconcile reported income under absorption and variable costing. 5. Explain the implications of absorption and variable costing for cost-volume-profit analysis. 6. Evaluate absorption and variable costing. 7
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Marginal Costing is ascertainment of the marginal cost which varies directly with the volume of production by differentiating between fixed costs and variable costs andfinally ascertaining its effect on profit. The basic assumptions made by marginal costing are following: - Total variable cost is directly proportion to the level of activity. However‚ variable cost per unit remains constant at all the levels of activities. - Per unit selling price remains constant at all levels of activities. -
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The SWOT of Non Profit and For Profit By Shelley Coulter Submitted: May 20‚ 2013 Instructor: Olivia Kerr PHI445: Personal & Organizational Ethics (BIJ1316A) Thesis: Believing in who you are and what your purpose in life‚ sets the standards on which you live. Shelley Coulter Introduction The highest ranking professions involve helping people. Among the lowest ranking occupations are those associated with the not profit and for profit organizations. The Mesopotamian Code
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Model The operation of milk production in Carrie Milk Products Pty. Ltd (CMP) consists of many processes. Process model can be used to portray current systems at CMP. Process model is a sequential representation of process tasks in a company. Integration of activities from different departments is clearly captured in the process model. It is crucial for every worker of CMP to understand the process of producing milk and other milk-produced products. A better understanding of the process helps the factory
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ACTIVITY BASED COSTING CASE STUDIES (7-64 & 7-65) Submitted to: Dr. Felix D. Cena‚ CPA‚ MBA Management Account I Professor Submitted by: Neil Derrek M. Dullesco Dan Carlo D. Poblacion COMA4B CASE 7-64 1. Identify the flaws associated with the current method of assigning shipping and warehousing costs to Sharp’s products. Shipping and warehousing costs are currently assigned using tons of paper produced‚ a unit-based measure. Many of these costs
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Profit vs. Not-for-Profit Organization A nonprofit organization is formed for the common good of the public. Nonprofit organizations are usually formed for some specific religious‚ charitable or educational purpose. A for-profit organization may be formed to conduct any number of lawful business activities. The primary reason to form a for-profit organization is to earn a profit for the owners of the company. Use of Profits Since a not-for-profit organization is formed to accomplish a specific
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There are a number of benefits associated with life cycle costing. (a) The life cycle concept results in earlier actions to generate revenue or to lower costs than otherwise might be considered. (b) Better decisions should follow from a more accurate and realistic assessment of revenues and costs‚ at least within a particular life cycle stage. (c) Life cycle thinking can promote long-term rewarding in contrast to short-term profitability rewarding. (d) The life cycle concept helps managers
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