and children are forced to work long hours in miserable conditions just to eke out a bare subsistence.’ (Andy McInerney‚ in Liberation & Marxism‚ issue no. 27‚ Spring 1996) ILO: a core labour standards The International Labour Organization (ILO) was created in 1919‚ at the end of the First World War‚ at the time of the Peace Conference which convened first in Paris‚ then at Versaillesneed for such an organization had been advocated in the nineteenth century by two industrialists‚ Robert Owen
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Images of Women’s Desires: Selling the Sewing machine in late Nineteenth- Century France. 1880’s and 1890’s mark an important turning point in the history of advertising and credit. In the larger cities in France such as Paris this new way of buying and selling took off. Paris was a city that contained large department stores and was host to world fairs‚ ushering in new ideas about consumerism (Coffin 764). Dufayel was one such department store that played a pivotal role in developing credit and
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humanity as documented by the Nuremburg War Trials. Germany was defeated in World War I‚ and caused major damage to countries out of Axis allies’ aggression toward countries such as Austria‚ Hungary‚ Bulgaria‚ and Turkey‚ which led to the Paris Peace Conference. At the Paris Peace Conference‚ the peace negotiations were dominated by the five major powers responsible for defeating the Central powers‚ and Germany signed the Versailles treaty under protest. “Negotiations were dominated by the five major powers
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expansion. Beginning in 1948‚ United States’ induced a massive aid relief to help rebuild the economies of Western Europe through the Marshall Plan. Factions were also set up in order to push the colonies towards self-reliance. The FLN (National Liberation Front) was established in 1954‚ it was a socialist political party in Algeria and fought for independence from France. In Taleb-Ibrahimi’s letter to Albert Camus he defends the goals of the Algerian revolution‚ while simultaneous mocking Camus for
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On October 1‚ 1949‚ the newly established People’s Republic of China faced the challenge of consolidating its power over a vast mainland and implementing the socialist policies it advocated. Of hindrance to the process of organizational and ideological remolding of China was the ambivalent ideological nature of China’s intellectuals. Special action had to be taken by the Communist regime to address the explicit and latent issue of non-Marxian thought and bourgeois ideals among its most talented educated
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employee of the Mexican embassy‚ as Mexico tried to develop their relations with India after it gained independence in 1947. On receiving his transfer letter in Paris‚ where he was formerly employed‚ Paz gives us an insight in his essay that he was devastated to leave Paris. After an elaborately modern and intellectual description of Paris as a city that appealed the dream of the west‚ Octavio Paz insists that the news of his move to India came as a sudden change in his life. The essayist was convinced
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Biography (Life‚ Major Contribution and Legacy) of CLR James James was born on January 4‚ 1901 in Port of Spain‚ the largest city in colonial Trinidad. He spent most of his youth in the village of Tunapuna‚ eight miles outside the city. His father was a school teacher‚ a significant position in the colonial Caribbean‚ and his mother had been educated in a Weslyan convent. The status and education of his parents marked James as somewhat privileged in relation to the other residents of Tunapuna. As
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Liberation The decade of the 1960’s was an era of spiritual journey for many individuals and a cultural crusade for others. This enlightened outlook and newfound brazen behavior was a stark contrast to the conformity and repression of the 1950’s. Liberation was the buzzword used by those seeking to break out of the stereotypical roles that society had forced them into from a young age. Women began to protest the mainstream thinking that “barefoot in the kitchen” was their destiny. Ethnic groups
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ART SUMMARY TERM 2 FRAMES Cultural This view is concerned with understanding how an artwork is influenced by the values of the society it is produced in‚ and‚ in turn‚ how the artwork influences the values of the society. This includes examining the historical and cultural context in which the work was made‚ and religious and/or philosophical beliefs‚ which may have influenced the work. Subjective This view is concerned with examining an artwork from a personal perspective. This might
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Biography Early life‚ education and monkhood Vasil Levski was born Vasil Ivanov Kunchev on 18 July [O.S. 6 July] 1837 in the town of Karlovo‚ within the Ottoman Empire’s European province Rumelia.[14] He was the namesake of his maternal uncle‚ Archimandrite (superior abbot) Basil (Василий‚ Vasiliy).[15] Levski’s parents‚ Ivan Kunchev and Gina Kuncheva (née Karaivanova)‚ came from a family of clergy and craftsmen and represented the emerging Bulgarian middle class.[16] An eminent but struggling
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