(This set up is mostly if you want to test the gases‚ otherwise you can use the standard set up) The limestone cycle: 1. Burn the limestone chip/ limestone powder in a test tube in a Bunsen flame → calcium oxide 2. Put calcium oxide in water → calcium hydroxide solution + left over limestone 3. Filter the leftover limestone 4. Blow bubbles using a straw into the calcium hydroxide solution → limestone Flame colors: (I copied a table from the internet because it isn’t in the book‚ the ones in red
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hypochlorate NaClO Bleach 5 Aluminum sulfate Al(SO4)3 Used in antiperspirant 6 Ammonium bromide NH4Br Used in photography 7 Ammonium chloride NH4Cl Used in photography 8 Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 Smelling salts 9 CaCO3 Limestone/chalk 10 Sodium chloride NaCl Table salt 11 Calcium chloride CaCl2 De-icer for snow on roads 12 Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2 Swimming pool disinfectant 13 Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Used in fertilizer 14 Ammonium phosphate Na3PO4 Used in fertilizer 15 Calcium oxide CaO Used to make
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Which of these involves a chemical reaction? 1. boiling water 2. apples decaying 3. magnetizing iron 4. ice melting 4. Which of these processes is always exothermic? 1. evaporation 2. insulation 3. combustion 4. Melting 5. When ammonium chloride dissolves in water the temperature falls. The type of energy change is described as? 1. exothermic 2. activated 3. endothermic 4. a decomposition 6. Which of these involves a physical change and NOT a chemical reaction? 1. apples
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Bleach 5 Aluminum sulfate AI2(SO4)3 Used in antiperspirant 6 Ammonium bromide NH4Br Used in photography 7 Ammonium chloride NH4CI Used in photography 8 Ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 Smelling salts 9 Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Limestone/chalk 10 Sodium chloride NaCI Table salt 11 Calcium chloride CacI2 De-icer for snow on roads 12 Calcium hypochlorite Ca(ClO)2 Swimming pool disinfectant 13 Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3 Used in fertilizer 14 Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 Used in fertilizer 15 Calcium oxide CaO
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O2 -> 2H2SO4 4NO2 + 2H2O + O2 -> 4HNO3 H2CO3 + CaCO3 -> 2HCO3- + Ca+2 B) Sulfate of ammonia Sulfate of ammonia is an important source of nitrogen for plants. Chemical reaction and bacteria in the soil turns ammonium compounds into nitrates which are fertilizers for the plants. Nitrates are very essential for healthy growth of plant. It is also used as an agricultural spray adjuvant for water soluble insecticides‚ herbicides‚ and fungicides. The salts’ function is to bind iron and calcium cations
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------------------------------------------------------------------------- Question 3 Limestone‚ an underlying material for many soils‚ dissolves and corrodes when exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen ions. How is this information important in understanding the effects of acid precipitation? Acid rain can cause the loss of lime soils and possibly decay the underlying material until the ground collapse. Any limestone structures‚ such as buildings and statues‚ will also corrode. - ------
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(solvent) and the other a chemical compound called ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). In order to activate the cold pack‚ one must break containment of the ammonium nitrate to mix with the water. Once this happens the solution formed will create an endothermic reaction; it absorbs heat and the temperature of the solution falls to about 35 degrees
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Hypothesis: I predict that a change in the mass of ammonium nitrate will affect the temperature change. Method: 1. Set equipment diagram 2. Measure 30cm^3 water 3. Pour into polystyrene cup 4. Measure temperature 5. Weigh 1g Ammonium Nitrate 6. Put in cup 7. Hold and swirl beaker 8. Record min. temp. 9. Dispose solution separate beaker 10. Rinse cup 11. Repeat for 2g‚ 3g‚ 4g‚ 5g Equipment: Balance Ammonium Nitrate powder Distilled water Spatula Glass beaker 30cm^3 Measuring
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in the form of ammonium ions. The next part of this cycle is the oxidation of ammonium‚ also called nitrification. This step takes the nitrogen compound‚ in this case ammonia‚ and oxidizes it into nitrite and nitrate. This is a two step process first the ammonium is oxidized into nitrite and then the nitrite is oxidized into nitrate. Nitrite is toxic; therefore‚ nitrate is the form that almost all nitrogen is absorbed by most crop plants grown on dry land. Step 1: 2NH4 (ammonium)+ 3O2 (Oxygen)
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between the following: a)Calcium nitrate and lead nitrate using ammonium hydroxide Ans: Add ammonium hydroxide to the given substance‚ calcium nitrate does not form any ppt. with ammonium hydroxide. But lead nitrate forms chalky white ppt. With ammonium hydroxide b)Calcium nitrate and lead nitrate using sodium hydroxide solution Ans: Add sodium hydroxide to the given substance‚ Calcium nitrate forms milky white ppt. which is insoluble in excess. Lead nitrate forms chalky white ppt. Which is
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