Disorders of the Digestive System Hyperacidity Excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is hyperacidity‚ which is technically known as hyperchlorohydria. It causes heart burn (Severe pain and burning sensation in the epigastric region due to hyperacidity is called heartburn) . Hyperacidity leads to ulcers. causes 1. Medicines like aspirin 2. Drinks like alcohol 1. Beverages like coffee 1. Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing 1. Foods containing excess
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Gall Bladder Liver Spleen Stomach Small Intestine 490gm unremarkable pleural surfaces are translucent‚ smooth and glistening 450gm the parenchyma is pink and normal 275mg Normal weight surfaces are glistening and unremarkable. pericardium intact 2 ounces pear shaped hollow organ‚ normal no gallstones appear to be forming 1385gm the liver is shriveled and under weight and also discolored kidney stone is forming in the liver 158gm brown flat
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Pg. 25 Once drug goes into mucosal cells‚ the concentration gradient will decrease. Blood supply to mucosal cell keeps removing drug continuously so the drug conc is smaller & this (heavy vascularisation) maintains constant gradient so that the drugs are constantly removed into the blood stream pH in stomach about 2 Implication: weak acids absorbed readily‚ weak bases not absorbed as readily Implication: some of the drugs may not be able to suvive that acidic environment. & they may disintegrate
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this is probably why people developed diabetes during ice age (younger dryas) and people nowadays are more frequently diagnosed with diabetes from November to Freburary‚ when it is colder. Natural selection survival rule-LOSE THE FINGER‚ SPARE THE LIVER. (Frostbite) Brown fat stores glucose and produces by burning sugar Wood frog-protects its organs by freezing solid. Ice wine-frozen grapes-the shrunken nature of the grapes is due to water loss-the less water in grapes‚ the fewer ice crystals there
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Hepatitis B Vaccine Medical Assistant Gladys Maria Shafer February 19‚ 2013 Hepatitis refers to an inflammation of the liver‚ which is swelling that occurs when the tissues of the body become injured or infected. “Hepa” means liver and “itis” refers to inflammation. The Hepatitis B virus spreads through blood or direct contact with any body fluids from someone who already has a Hepatitis B infection and the virus enters the body unnoticed
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1. Our digestive system provides the body a means to transfer nutrition from the external environment into the cellular level in order to sustain life. Salivary glands‚ controlled by the autonomic nervous system‚ are located in the oral cavity. Its main role is to secrete saliva in the oral cavity. There are three pairs of salivary glands. Parotoid savary gland lies under the skin on each side of the mandible. These glands secrete amylase‚ an enzyme that breaks down starches. The parotoid duct implies
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Hepatitis A”) The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity. It has a wide range of functions‚ including detoxification‚ protein synthesis‚ produce hormones and enzymes‚ break down all the bad waste in your body‚ and does the production of biochemical necessary for digestion. It also plays a major role during metabolism. But‚ Hepatitis A is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the liver. (“Hepatitis A”) This is very bad because the liver does so many things
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alcohol-induced cellular injury in almost all organs and tissues of the organism (1)‚ especially liver by causing the development of alcoholic liver disease (1‚2). Additionally‚ it is well-established that excessive alcohol consumption has harmful effects on the kidney (3‚4)‚ with acute kidney injury (AKI) being one of the most common pathological complications (5). Furthermore‚ there is a tight link between alcoholic liver disease and AKI. For instance‚ Altamirano et al. (6) demonstrated that AKI is a frequent
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BILIRUBIN FORMATION AND EXCRETION Bilirubin‚ the principal pigment in bile‚ is derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin when aged red blood cells are phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system‚ primarily in the spleen‚ liver and bone marrow. About 80% of bilirubin formed daily comes from the degradation of hemoglobin. The remainder comes from destruction of heme-containing proteins and catabolism of heme. When hemoglobin is destroyed‚ the protein portion‚ globin is reused in the body. The
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out through cells. Birds convert ammonia into uric acid. They do this as they cannot carry as much water as humans or fish‚ so they convert it into solid uric acid mixed with a little water. Mammals convert ammonia into urea. Urea is formed in the liver by the ornithine cycle; it’s less soluble than ammonia and less toxic. This means that less water is required for excretion. Urea is soluble in blood plasma and is transported to
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