INTRODUCTION “Public interest litigation has become the people’s tool fashioned by judges to enforce the obligations of the state‚ its institutions‚ and its functionaries to explore and discover ways and means of giving life and soul to the preambular assurances via the judicial process.” -Justice O.Chinnappa Reddy "Public interest Litigation"‚ in simple words‚ means‚ litigation filed in a court of law‚ for the protection of "Public Interest"‚ such as pollution‚ Terrorism‚ Road safety‚ constructional
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Computer Use in Legal Work How Automation Software is Changing Law Computers have been dominating the workplace these days. In this modern world‚ companies have become ultimately dependent on computers when it comes to continuous or automatic tasks where humans are no match with when it comes to process time. It completely eliminates the factor of “human error” and the inherent disadvantages of humans versus computers‚ such as the need to sleep or rest‚ the need for variety‚ etc. Modern technology
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(a) what is public interest litigation Public interest litigation involves the institution of actions by private citizens in courts to seek redress against public wrongs committed by government or public bodies. It is an adjudication of disputes between private individuals and the state initiated to promote the public good in terms of serving a collective societal interest. In George John v Goh Eng Wah Bros Filem Sdn Bhd & 2 Ors‚ Lim Beng Choon J traced the origin of public interest litigation and
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Tortious liability. L.M.C.L.Q. 2006‚ 4(Nov)‚ 539-567 Letters of credit. Bills of lading; Charges; Fraud; Locus standi; Passing of property. J.I.B.L. 1994‚ 9(2)‚ N36 No protection for banks against fraud and folly. Bills of lading; Charges; Fraud; Locus standi; Passing of property. L.M.C.L.Q. 1994‚ 3‚ 350-356 No protection for banks against fraud and folly. Bills of lading; Charges; Fraud; Locus standi; Passing of property. L.M.C.L.Q. 1994‚ 3(Aug)‚ 350-356 Books Benjamin ’s Sale of Goods 8th Ed. Chapter:
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the victim or the aggrieved party. That means only the affected parties had the chance for locus standi to file a case and continue the litigation‚ but the non-affected persons didn’t had that chance. However‚ this has been changed when the post emergency supreme court set at rested the problem of access to justice by people through elementary changes and modifications made in the requirements of locus standi and of party aggrieved. The concept of the public interest has originated in the 1970 in the
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India‚ wherein an unregistered association of workers was permitted to institute a writ petition under Art.32 of the Constitution for the redrcssal of common grievances. Krishna lyer J.‚ enunciated the reasons for liberalization of the rule of Locus Standi in Fertilizer Corporation Kamgar vs. Union of India (AIR 1981 SC 149; 1981 (2) SCR 52) and the ideal of ’Public Interest Litigation’ was blossomed in S.F. Gupta and others vs. Union of India‚ (AIR 1982 SC 149). Judicial Activism: The expression
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PUDR [People’s Union for Democrataic Rights] vs. Union of India • it recognised that a third party could directly petition‚ whether through a letter or other means‚ the Court and seek its intervention in a matter where another party’s fundamental rights were being violated. • it was held that “Public Interest Litigation which is a strategic arm of the legal aid movement and which is intended to bring justice within the reach of the poor masses‚ who constitute the low visibility area
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important that for the action to remain valid till the end the juridical interest has to exist in the individual bringing the action or the individual responding to the action till the end. Once interest stops the action becomes defective and “locus standi” no longer subsist. Various authors have propounded different theories on juridical interest‚ but what is undisputed is that the scope of having a juridical interest throughout the action is to circumvent those actions which are frivolous and
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No. 1. 2. PARTICULARS Page no. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS INDEX OF AUTHORITIES 2.1 Books 2.2 Dictionary 2.3 Journal 2.4 Articles 2.5 Cases 2 3 4 4 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 25 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION STATEMENT OF FACTS ISSUES RAISED SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS BODY OF PLEADINGS PRAYER MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Sr. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Abbreviated Forms FDI AIR SC SCC Edn. v. Pg. Hon‟ble Art. UOI Vol. U.S.A. Full
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OCT/NOV 2007 examination paper ADL201M Oct/Nov 2007 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Duration: 2 hours 100 marks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Aliens Control Act imposes restrictions on aliens entering into or residing in South Africa. In terms of the Act the Minister of Home Affairs may exempt a person from this restriction by issuing a certificate to this effect. The Minister is also empowered to withdraw
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