XI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Medical Diagnosis T/C Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever/ Pleural Effusion‚ T/C Liver Pathology Definition Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever - is a severe‚ potentially deadly infection spread by certain species of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). Pleural Effusion - is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity‚ the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. Liver
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Chapter 14 - Mechanisms of Infectious Disease A nurse who works in a skilled nursing facility is caring for an 85-year-old woman who has had a fever of 102°F for 2 days. The nurse noted increased agitation‚ restlessness‚ and a decreased appetite. The patient has a Foley catheter in place. The physician ordered a urine analysis and the results are below. A diagnosis of a kidney infection was given Color: dark amber in color Appearance: cloudy
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Cardiovascular System (Simplified) The cardiovascular system includes the heart and the blood vessels. The heart pumps blood‚ and the blood vessels channel and deliver it throughout the body. Arteries carry blood filled with nutrients away from the heart to all parts of the body. The blood is sometimes compared to a river‚ but the arteries are more like a river in reverse. Arteries are thick-walled tubes with a circular covering of yellow‚ elastic fibers‚ which contain a filling of muscle that absorbs
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FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD * Red blood cells ( erythrocytes ) * White blood cells ( leukocytes ) * granular leukocytes * neutrophils * eosinophils * basophils * agranular leukocytes * lymphocytes = T cells‚ B cells‚ and natural killer cells * monocytes * Platelets (special cell fragments) Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) * Function: carry oxygen * Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes * Biconcave disks *
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The hepatitis C virus attacks liver cells and uses them as a host to reproduce itself. When the body attempts to fight the virus‚ it send lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) to the liver‚ which results in inflammation (swelling). This inflammation is a normal response to infection‚ but over time this process‚ and certain chemicals released by the lymphocytes‚ can damage liver cells. When the liver cells are damaged‚ they cannot function well and may die. Some of these cells may grow back‚ but
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a process in the body’s immune system‚ that normally protects the body from bacteria and viruses. The immune system destroys the bacteria with substances called antibodies which are produced by blood cells called lymphocytes. Some people inherit a poor immune system‚ as their lymphocytes make antibodies against their own tissues that stimulate or damage them. “In Graves’ disease‚ antibodies
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A functional gene carried by the “vector” repairs the faulty lymphocyte gene; and then inserted back into the patient to reconstitute their bone marrow to produce specific types of white blood cells that were formerly defective. According to researchers‚ gene therapy seemed more promising than the conventional treatment of unrelated donor bone marrow transplant since present lymphocytes identify self-MHC on repaired cells and prevent graft rejection; a high possibility
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million‚ Males:5.4 million per mm of blood) 2. WBC count (Normal Value: 4‚500-11‚000 per mm of blood) 3. WBC differential a. Normal Value: Neutrophils: 50-70% b. Normal Value: Eosinophils: 1-4% c. Normal Value: Basophils: 0.5-1% d. Normal Value: Lymphocytes: 20-40% e. Normal Value: Monocytes: 2-7% 4. Hematocrit (Normal Value: Females: 38%-46%‚ Males: 42%-56%) 5. Hemoglobin (Normal Value: Females: 12–16 g/dL‚ Males: 14–17.4 g/dL) 6. Calculate MCHC Red Blood Cell Count: Red blood
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nervous system and the immune system are directly linked via sympathetic nervous system fibers‚ which influence the production of lymphocytes” (507). Plainly‚ the immune system is affected by the central nervous system which directly deals with stress. The central nervous system (CNS) deals with stress directly because the brain is located within the CNS. Lymphocytes are the white blood cells in the body that fight pathogens and anything that may harm the individual. If the regulation of white
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Pathophysiology Exam 1: Immunity Objectives 1) Describe the cell functions of the Immune System: Lymphocytes- small white blood cells that are responsible for much of the work of the immune system. Three types: Natural Killer Cells-NK cells provide rapid responses to virally infected cells and respond to tumor formation. NK cells are unique bc they have the ability to recognize stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC‚ allowing for a much faster immune reaction. Trigger phagocytes
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