paravertebral ganglia‚ collateral (prevertebral) ganglia‚ and terminal ganglia. Which division uses which? Which division has long preganglionic fibers? Long postganglionic fibers? Compare/contrast the autonomic reflex with the somatic reflex. What portions of the CNS modify the autonomic reflex? What neurotransmitter is used in all preganglionic fibers? What is the receptor in the ganglia? Why is the adrenal medulla included in the sympathetic nervous system? What does it release‚ and what effect
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which is instinctive and are born with. Behaviour that is inherited or passed on through genes. Things such as reflexes are innate behaviour; a reflex is an involuntary automatic response to a certain stimulus. Those who believe we are shaped by nature are known as nativists. Examples of innate behaviour are the moro or falling reflex‚ the moro reflex is any sudden movement that affect the baby’s neck‚ giving them the feeling of falling or being dropped. The baby’s innate reaction to this is to
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impossible‚ but in some cases patients can tell what happened while they were “dead”. The easiest know way to see if a person is alive or dead is to shine a light into the eyes and look for a reflex. If there is no reflex then the person is dead. This “reflex” is from the brain stem; if it does not reflex then you know that the patient is dead. Is this even possible? From medical standards no‚ but Peterson says differently. He states that people have three parts not only body and mind but soul
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cell (which is connected to the CNS) -The long axon (insulated too by myelin sheath) ends at muscle fibres to allow a response -The direction of movement is always from the CNS to the effector. Reflex responses: -They are fast and automatic -They are defensive (protect your body) -Reflex arc: the
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In this experiment‚ we strove to determine how effective different sugars were in fermentation by measuring their CO2 emissions. An increased CO2 production implies the substrate is undergoing glycolysis more often‚ resulting in increased ATP synthesis. For a more accurate interpretation of the results‚ glucose acted as a positive control‚ displaying the most efficiency in fermentation as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2‚ while ethanol‚ which is a byproduct of fermentation‚ acted as a negative control
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Mitochondria are one of the most abundant organelles‚ which exercise various essential roles and function to all living things. Often time‚ this tremendous organelle is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell‚ due to their essential function in production of energy. The production of ATP‚ and regulation of intracellular calcium levels is also of great importance in the survival of neurons‚ which are cells in the brain‚ that make part of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Perpetual oxidative stress
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Cell Culture Bioreactors Basic Types of Bioreactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Stirred Tank (Well Mixed) vs. Tubular Reactor (Plug Flow) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Segregated Bioreactors (Dead Zone Present) Compartmentalized Bioreactors . . 4 Implication When Growth or Reaction Occurs in the Reactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Homogenous Reactor vs. Heterogeneous
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Gas exchange in animals External respiration: not to be confused with cellular respiration‚ although purpose is to provide oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide Single-celled organisms achieve this by simple diffusion Larger organisms need specialized breathing organs Getting the air into the body is one challenge Circulatory system needed to distribute oxygen to the tissues Specialized blood cells can transport oxygen (solubility in plasma is very low) The process of breathing Air has much
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Unit 004 – Child Development. Section 1. A good introduction should introduce child development with particular attention to ‘holistic’ development and describe expected patterns of development and what this means. Child development is a stage that every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting‚ walking‚ talking‚ skipping‚ eating and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones during predictable time periods. Children develop
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food‚ which is known as a simple reflex (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ Chapter 5). Moreover‚ he noticed that when a dog was presented or introduced to a stimulus such as a ringing bell simultaneously with being fed‚ the dog would begin to salivate when he heard the bell even if food was not present when the bell was rang (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ Chapter 5). This formed the conclusion‚ that the dog had associated the bell with food‚ and because food produced a reflex of salivation from the dog‚ the bell
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